Study 1 of 37 · The Acts of the Apostles

  1. Study 1: The Acts of the Apostles
  2. Study 2: Luke's introduction
  3. Study 3: The apostles' conversation with Jesus
  4. Study 4: The return and waiting of the disciples
  5. Study 5: The choice of Matthias
  6. Study 6: The fulfillment of the promise
  7. Study 7: Peter's speech
  8. Study 8: Three thousand people are converted
  9. Study 9: The healing of the lame man
  10. Study 10: Peter's second speech
  11. Study 11: The arrest of Peter and John
  12. Study 12: Peter and John in prison
  13. Study 13: The defense of Peter and John before the Sanhedrin
  14. Study 14: The deliberation and sentence of the Sanhedrin
  15. Study 15: The testimony of Peter and John
  16. Study 16: The solidarity of the believers
  17. Study 17: Ananias and Sapphira
  18. Study 18: The remarkable growth of the early Church
  19. Study 19: The arrest of the apostles
  20. Study 20: The miraculous deliverance of the apostles
  21. Study 21: The search for the prisoners
  22. Study 22: The intervention of the Pharisee Gamaliel
  23. Study 23: The surprising reaction of the apostles
  24. Study 24: The ascension of Jesus
  25. Study 25: Believe in the Lord Jesus and you will be saved
  26. Study 26: The mission of the 12 Apostles
  27. Study 27: Sending out the twelve apostles
  28. Study 28: The return of the apostles
  29. Study 29: The Messiah Jesus sends out 70 disciples
  30. Study 30: The reward of the apostles
  31. Study 31: Stephen's appearance before the Sanhedrin
  32. Study 32: Stephen's speech before the Sanhedrin
  33. Study 33: The appointment of the Seven and the organization of the early Church
  34. Study 34: The arrest of Stephen
  35. Study 35: The murder of Stephen
  36. Study 36: Saul and the martyrdom of Stephen
  37. Study 37: The persecution

Introduction and Methodology

Introduction and methodology in the context of biblical study are essential for grasping the complexity and depth of the sacred texts. This approach lays the foundations for a structured and informed analysis of the Scriptures, taking into account historical, cultural, and linguistic contexts.

By adopting a rigorous methodology, students can indeed interpret the biblical texts with greater precision, while recognizing the twelve internal and external contextual influences. This includes the examination of sources, textual criticism, and the analysis of literary structures, as well as an understanding of oral traditions and successive redactions.

Engaging in this methodological study enriches the experience of reading the Scriptures, broadening the reader's theological and philosophical understanding. It brings to light the original intentions of the authors, thus helping to develop an interpretation that is truer to the context and the originally intended message.

  • ADA000 The Acts of the Apostles

    Introduction to a series of studies on the Acts of the Apostles, the natural continuation of the Gospel of Luke. The article presents the historical and theological approach adopted: placing events in context, setting them alongside the Pauline epistles, and establishing a chronology. The two central figures, Peter and Paul, will structure the study. The aim is to trace the birth and expansion of the Church from Jerusalem to the Mediterranean world, under the action of the Holy Spirit.

    Acts 9.15 (King James Version) :
    But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel:
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA001 Luke's introduction

    First commentary in the series on the Acts of the Apostles, this article analyzes Luke's introduction (Acts 1.1-3). It presents Luke as the author of the two works addressed to Theophilus, raises the hypothesis that Theophilus was the one who commissioned them, and stresses the forty days of post-resurrection teaching on the Kingdom of God. These verses provide the transition between the Gospel and the history of the nascent Church under the guidance of the Holy Spirit.

    Luke 1.3 (King James Version) :
    It seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus,
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Peter's ministry

The ministry of Peter, one of Jesus' most eminent apostles, plays a central role in the initial expansion of the Christian Church. Known for his closeness to Jesus and his key role at Pentecost, Peter is often seen as a principal pillar of the Christian faith, strengthening the nascent Christian community through his charismatic leadership.

The biblical texts describe Peter as a fervent preacher and a miracle worker. His transformation from a humble fisherman of Galilee into a robust promoter of the Gospel symbolizes the redemptive power of Jesus' teachings. His journeys and actions are essential for understanding the beginnings of the Church and its spread throughout the Roman Empire.

Exploring the ministry of Peter offers an intimate view of the early days of Christianity, while illustrating his role in the transition from the Gospels to the establishment of a worldwide community of devoted believers. His story inspires those who seek to deepen their faith and to understand the origins of Christian spiritual leadership.

  • ADA002 The apostles' conversation with Jesus

    Luke reports Jesus' last conversation with his eleven apostles before the Ascension (Acts 1.4-8). Jesus commands them to wait in Jerusalem for the baptism of the Holy Spirit, refuses to reveal the eschatological times reserved to the Father, and entrusts them with a universal mission: to be his witnesses from Jerusalem to the ends of the earth. This passage forms the structural outline of the book of Acts.

    John 14.16-17 (King James Version) :
    And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever;Even the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him: but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and shall be in you.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA004 The disciples' return and wait

    After the ascension of Jesus (May 12, 33), the disciples return to Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives, a "Sabbath day's journey" away. They gather in an upper room, probably the house of Mary, the mother of John Mark, and devote themselves unanimously to prayer, together with the women and the family of Jesus. This period of waiting foreshadows the characteristics of the nascent Church.

    Acts 1.13 (King James Version) :
    And when they were come in, they went up into an upper room, where abode both Peter, and James, and John, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA005 The choice of Matthias

    Analysis of Acts 1.15-26, which recounts the election of Matthias to replace Judas Iscariot. Peter, the natural spokesman of the disciples, bases the need for this replacement on the Psalms. The apostolic criteria are specified: to have followed Jesus since his baptism and to be a witness of his resurrection. Matthias is finally designated by lot after prayer, restoring the college of the Twelve, a symbol of the twelve tribes of Israel.

    Matthew 16.16 (King James Version) :
    And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA006 The fulfillment of the promise

    The article details the fulfillment of the promise of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, as recounted in the Acts of the Apostles. One hundred and twenty disciples receive divine manifestations in Jerusalem and speak in languages understood by various peoples. This event marks the universality of the Gospel.

    Joel 2.28-29 (King James Version) :
    And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions:And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA007 Peter's speech

    The article deals with Peter's speech at Pentecost, detailing how he refutes misinterpretations and presents Jesus as the Messiah of the Scriptures. He calls for repentance and baptism, and promises the gift of the Holy Spirit.

    Acts 2.38-39 (King James Version) :
    Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost.For the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA008 Three thousand people convert

    The article deals with the conversion of three thousand people following Peter's speech. It highlights the challenges for the young church, the importance of the work of the Holy Spirit, and the renewed meaning of Christian baptism.

    Luke 3.3-6 (King James Version) :
    And he came into all the country about Jordan, preaching the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins;As it is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low; and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways shall be made smooth;And all flesh shall see the salvation of God.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA009 The healing of the lame man

    The article examines the healing of the lame man in Acts 3.1-11 by Peter and John, placing the miracle in the context of the Jerusalem Temple. It discusses the importance of this healing as an act of witness and underlines the action of the Holy Spirit after Pentecost in the ministry of the apostles.

    Matthew 6.1-4 (King James Version) :
    Take heed that ye do not your alms before men, to be seen of them: otherwise ye have no reward of your Father which is in heaven.Therefore when thou doest thine alms, do not sound a trumpet before thee, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may have glory of men. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.But when thou doest alms, let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth:That thine alms may be in secret: and thy Father which seeth in secret himself shall reward thee openly.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA010 Peter's second speech

    The article explores Peter's second great speech, following Pentecost. Peter, accompanied by John, preaches in Jerusalem after the healing of a lame man, stressing Christology, repentance and the prophecies of the Messiah. The speech has an impact on the community but meets with opposition from the religious authorities.

    Deuteronomy 18.15 (King James Version) :
    The LORD thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken;
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA011 The arrest of Peter and John

    Covering Acts 4.1-4, this article examines the arrest of Peter and John by the religious authorities of Jerusalem. Following the miracles performed by the apostles, the Christian community experiences strong growth, prompting a cautious but firm reaction from the Jewish leaders toward this new faith that proclaims the resurrection, a central concept that particularly offends the Sadducees.

    Acts 2.5 (King James Version) :
    And there were dwelling at Jerusalem Jews, devout men, out of every nation under heaven.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA012 Peter and John in prison

    This article deals with the confrontation of Peter and John with the Sanhedrin. The apostles, arrested for preaching, must appear before this influential religious court. Facing the same authority that had condemned Jesus, Peter and John, supported by the Holy Spirit, courageously bear witness to their faith, illustrating the continuity of the message of Christ.

    Acts 4.3-7 (King James Version) :
    And they laid hands on them, and put them in hold unto the next day: for it was now eventide.Howbeit many of them which heard the word believed; and the number of the men was about five thousand.And it came to pass on the morrow, that their rulers, and elders, and scribes,And Annas the high priest, and Caiaphas, and John, and Alexander, and as many as were of the kindred of the high priest, were gathered together at Jerusalem.And when they had set them in the midst, they asked, By what power, or by what name, have ye done this?
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA013 The defense of Peter and John before the Sanhedrin

    Peter and John present a bold defense before the Sanhedrin after a miracle that surprises the authorities. Filled with the Holy Spirit, they show an assurance that astonishes their judges. Luke stresses the fulfillment of Jesus' promises, and the irrefutability of the facts strengthens their testimony.

    Matthew 16.16 (King James Version) :
    And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA014 The deliberation and sentence of the Sanhedrin

    Faced with the Sanhedrin's embarrassment after a miracle performed by Peter and John, the religious authorities forbid preaching in the name of Jesus, hoping that threats will undermine the Christian message. Peter and John respond by affirming that obedience to God comes first, illustrating a spiritual transformation sustained by the Holy Spirit.

    Matthew 10.19-20 (King James Version) :
    But when they deliver you up, take no thought how or what ye shall speak: for it shall be given you in that same hour what ye shall speak.For it is not ye that speak, but the Spirit of your Father which speaketh in you.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA015 The testimony of Peter and John

    The article deals with the return of Peter and John to the believers after their arrest by the Sanhedrin. Faced with threats, the assembly unites in prayer, affirming the sovereignty of God and asking for strength to proclaim the Gospel, expressing an unshakable faith.

    Acts 4.23-31 (King James Version) :
    And being let go, they went to their own company, and reported all that the chief priests and elders had said unto them.And when they heard that, they lifted up their voice to God with one accord, and said, Lord, thou art God, which hast made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and all that in them is:Who by the mouth of thy servant David hast said, Why did the heathen rage, and the people imagine vain things?The kings of the earth stood up, and the rulers were gathered together against the Lord, and against his Christ.For of a truth against thy holy child Jesus, whom thou hast anointed, both Herod, and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the people of Israel, were gathered together,For to do whatsoever thy hand and thy counsel determined before to be done.And now, Lord, behold their threatenings: and grant unto thy servants, that with all boldness they may speak thy word,By stretching forth thine hand to heal; and that signs and wonders may be done by the name of thy holy child Jesus.And when they had prayed, the place was shaken where they were assembled together; and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and they spake the word of God with boldness.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA016 The solidarity of the believers

    Luke, describing the first Christian Church in Jerusalem, shows a united and caring community. The believers shared their possessions freely, motivated by brotherly love and transformed by the Gospel. The management of resources by the apostles testifies to collective trust and contributes to the growth of the Church.

    Deuteronomy 15.4 (King James Version) :
    Save when there shall be no poor among you; for the LORD shall greatly bless thee in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance to possess it:
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA017 Ananias and Sapphira

    The article deals with the account of Ananias and Sapphira in Acts 5, showing the dramatic consequences of their deception toward the Christian community and the Holy Spirit. Their story contrasts with the sincere generosity of Barnabas, underscoring the ethical demands of the Christian faith and offering a warning against hypocrisy.

    2 Corinthians 9.7 (King James Version) :
    Every man according as he purposeth in his heart, so let him give; not grudgingly, or of necessity: for God loveth a cheerful giver.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA018 The remarkable growth of the early Church

    The ADA018 article comments on Acts 5.12-16, describing the growth of the early Church in Jerusalem in the spring of 33. The apostles perform miracles publicly in Solomon’s Portico, the Church grows in numbers, men and women alike, and the apostles’ reputation grows among the people, despite a fear aroused by the judgment of Ananias and Sapphira. The passage establishes a strong parallel with the ministry of Jesus.

    Acts 5.12 (King James Version) :
    And by the hands of the apostles were many signs and wonders wrought among the people; (and they were all with one accord in Solomon’s porch.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA019 The arrest of the apostles

    The ADA019 article comments on Acts 5.17-18: faced with the remarkable growth of the Church in Jerusalem, the high priest and the Sadducees, moved by jealousy, have the apostles arrested. Luke shows that despite the opposition of the religious authorities, the work of Christ continues through the action of the Holy Spirit, fulfilling the promise of Acts 1.8.

    Acts 2.43 (King James Version) :
    And fear came upon every soul: and many wonders and signs were done by the apostles.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA020 The miraculous deliverance of the apostles

    This article examines the miraculous deliverance of the apostles (Acts 5.19-21) in Jerusalem in the spring of 33. Arrested by the high priest and the Sadducees, the apostles are freed from prison by an angel during the night. Luke relates this miracle with restraint, stressing its theological significance and its parallels with the Old Testament. The angel entrusts the freed apostles with the mission of announcing in the Temple 'all the words of this life', an expression referring to the message of salvation in Jesus Christ.

    Acts 5.26 (King James Version) :
    Then went the captain with the officers, and brought them without violence: for they feared the people, lest they should have been stoned.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA021 The search for the prisoners

    Analysis of Acts 5.21-26: after the miraculous deliverance of the apostles, the Sanhedrin discovers the empty cells. Luke highlights the perplexity of the religious authorities, the embarrassment of the captain of the Temple and the fear of a popular reaction. Despite the inexplicable, the religious leaders persist in their opposition and order a second arrest, illustrating God's sovereignty over all human opposition.

    Acts 5.12-16 (King James Version) :
    And by the hands of the apostles were many signs and wonders wrought among the people; (and they were all with one accord in Solomon’s porch.And of the rest durst no man join himself to them: but the people magnified them.And believers were the more added to the Lord, multitudes both of men and women.)Insomuch that they brought forth the sick into the streets, and laid them on beds and couches, that at the least the shadow of Peter passing by might overshadow some of them.There came also a multitude out of the cities round about unto Jerusalem, bringing sick folks, and them which were vexed with unclean spirits: and they were healed every one.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA023 The intervention of the Pharisee Gamaliel

    During a session of the Sanhedrin in the spring of 33, the Pharisee Gamaliel steps in to calm the Sadducees who want to put the apostles to death. By a pragmatic argument drawing on the precedents of Theudas and Judas the Galilean, he persuades the council to adopt a wait-and-see position. From Luke's perspective, his words illustrate a central theme of Acts: the work of God cannot be stopped by men.

    Acts 5.34 (King James Version) :
    Then stood there up one in the council, a Pharisee, named Gamaliel, a doctor of the law, had in reputation among all the people, and commanded to put the apostles forth a little space;
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA024 The surprising reaction of the apostles

    After being flogged by the Sanhedrin, the apostles react in a surprising way, rejoicing that they had been counted worthy to suffer for the name of Jesus. Far from being discouraged, they continue their ministry every day in the Temple and in the houses, teaching and announcing the good news. Luke shows that persecutions, far from stopping the Gospel, paradoxically contribute to its progress.

    Luke 6.22-23 (King James Version) :
    Blessed are ye, when men shall hate you, and when they shall separate you from their company, and shall reproach you, and cast out your name as evil, for the Son of man’s sake.Rejoice ye in that day, and leap for joy: for, behold, your reward is great in heaven: for in the like manner did their fathers unto the prophets.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Ascension and Transition to the Heavenly Ministry

The ascension of Jesus, after his resurrection, marks a crucial step in the transition to his heavenly ministry. This intense moment, when Jesus is lifted up to heaven in the presence of his disciples, symbolizes the end of his earthly ministry and the beginning of a new spiritual era for believers.

This passage raises many questions in the biblical world about the divine and human nature of Jesus, but also about his mission of redemption. The ascension as such consecrates the foundation of the Christian faith in the promise of eternal life and of continual divine intervention through the Holy Spirit.

For Christians, the ascension is a sign of hope and a source of strength. It calls believers to continue his mission on Earth, illuminating the ways of salvation and divine love. This theme resonates deeply in liturgical practices and religious celebrations, reminding the faithful of their duty to share the gospel. Thus, the ascension offers both an enriching theological perspective and an invitation to experience a living and active faith.

  • ADA003 The ascension of Jesus

    The ascension of Jesus, which took place on May 12, 33, on the Mount of Olives, concludes his earthly ministry. Lifted up in a cloud, he is received into the presence of the Father while two angels announce his glorious return. This event, recorded only by Luke, marks the passage to Christ's heavenly ministry and grounds the eschatological hope of the early Church as it awaits the parousia.

    Matthew 24.3 (King James Version) :
    And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, the disciples came unto him privately, saying, Tell us, when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign of thy coming, and of the end of the world?
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Mission of the Apostles

After the resurrection and ascension of Jesus, his disciples receive an explicit mission: to carry the Gospel to the ends of the earth. This theme explores the unfolding of this mission as the book of Acts recounts it, from the first sermons in Jerusalem to the missionary journeys that reach the whole Mediterranean basin.

The articles cover key moments: Pentecost, the first conversions, the organization of the early Church, but also the persecutions, arrests, and martyrdoms that mark the history of the apostles. The ministry of Peter, the calling of Paul, and the role of deacons such as Stephen are examined closely.

This journey highlights how a handful of disciples with no power or resources transformed the ancient world, carried by unshakable conviction and the breath of the Spirit. It also raises questions that remain relevant about the nature of Christian witness and the responsibility of the Church in the world.

  • PDA010 Believe in the Lord Jesus and you will be saved

    The article discusses salvation in Jesus Christ, based on Acts 16.31. Using rescue metaphors, the author compares faith to physical rescue actions. He argues that believing in Jesus is essential for eternal salvation, even if this approach seems simple or naive. Warning against unseen dangers, the article recalls the importance of choosing faith to secure a life after death.

    Deuteronomy 30.19-20 (King James Version) :
    I call heaven and earth to record this day against you, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live:That thou mayest love the LORD thy God, and that thou mayest obey his voice, and that thou mayest cleave unto him: for he is thy life, and the length of thy days: that thou mayest dwell in the land which the LORD sware unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give them.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER081 The mission of the 12 Apostles

    The article analyses the mission of the twelve apostles according to Matthew, Mark and Luke, highlighting the Jews' priority in the plan of salvation and the instructions Jesus gives for proclaiming God's kingdom.

    Luke 9.1-6 (King James Version) :
    Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power and authority over all devils, and to cure diseases.And he sent them to preach the kingdom of God, and to heal the sick.And he said unto them, Take nothing for your journey, neither staves, nor scrip, neither bread, neither money; neither have two coats apiece.And whatsoever house ye enter into, there abide, and thence depart.And whosoever will not receive you, when ye go out of that city, shake off the very dust from your feet for a testimony against them.And they departed, and went through the towns, preaching the gospel, and healing every where.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER162 Sending out the twelve apostles

    Pericope 162 recounts Jesus sending out the twelve apostles in Galilee, a few weeks before Passover (March AD 32). Reported by Matthew (10.1-15), Mark (6.6-13) and Luke (9.1-6), this episode shows the disciples sent out two by two to preach the kingdom, heal and cast out demons. Each evangelist brings his own perspective to the travel instructions and the nature of the mission.

    Mark 6.6-13 (King James Version) :
    And he marvelled because of their unbelief. And he went round about the villages, teaching.And he called unto him the twelve, and began to send them forth by two and two; and gave them power over unclean spirits;And commanded them that they should take nothing for their journey, save a staff only; no scrip, no bread, no money in their purse:But be shod with sandals; and not put on two coats.And he said unto them, In what place soever ye enter into an house, there abide till ye depart from that place.And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear you, when ye depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a testimony against them. Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city.And they went out, and preached that men should repent.And they cast out many devils, and anointed with oil many that were sick, and healed them.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER166 The return of the apostles

    After their evangelistic mission in Galilee, the apostles return to Jesus and report to him on their activity. Mark stresses their exhaustion and their need for rest in a desolate place, while Luke specifies that the retreat takes place toward Bethsaida. This pericope highlights Jesus' compassion for his disciples, the importance of rest in ministry, and the practice of apostolic accountability. The event takes place in Galilee in March AD 32.

    Mark 6.30-31 (King James Version) :
    And the apostles gathered themselves together unto Jesus, and told him all things, both what they had done, and what they had taught.And he said unto them, Come ye yourselves apart into a desert place, and rest a while: for there were many coming and going, and they had no leisure so much as to eat.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER220 The Messiah Jesus sends out 70 disciples

    Jesus sends seventy disciples on an evangelistic mission (Luke 10.1-16), a unique event in the gospels. From Bethany beyond the Jordan, around November 32, he extends his mission beyond the Twelve. The instructions recall those given to the apostles, with a more universal scope. Jesus warns of the risk of rejection and condemns the blindness of the Galilean cities of Chorazin, Bethsaida and Capernaum.

    Luke 9.1-6 (King James Version) :
    Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power and authority over all devils, and to cure diseases.And he sent them to preach the kingdom of God, and to heal the sick.And he said unto them, Take nothing for your journey, neither staves, nor scrip, neither bread, neither money; neither have two coats apiece.And whatsoever house ye enter into, there abide, and thence depart.And whosoever will not receive you, when ye go out of that city, shake off the very dust from your feet for a testimony against them.And they departed, and went through the towns, preaching the gospel, and healing every where.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER266 The reward of the apostles

    The article explores the rewards of the apostles according to the Gospels between Hanukkah and Passover. Jesus travels to Jericho and near the Jordan, healing and teaching, notably raising Lazarus. These actions provoke a hostile reaction from the religious authorities.

    John 10.40-42 (King James Version) :
    And went away again beyond Jordan into the place where John at first baptized; and there he abode.And many resorted unto him, and said, John did no miracle: but all things that John spake of this man were true.And many believed on him there.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Ministry of Stephen

Stephen is one of the most striking figures of the early Church: the first deacon appointed by the apostles, he quickly distinguishes himself by his wisdom, his ardent faith, and his miraculous signs. The articles of this theme trace his involvement in the Jerusalem community, his preaching activity, and the controversies it provokes among the Jewish religious authorities.

His speech before the Sanhedrin, long and structured, is one of the most remarkable texts of the book of Acts: it retraces the whole history of Israel to show that Jesus is the fulfillment of the Scriptures. This courageous speech gets him stoned, thus becoming the first Christian martyr recorded in the New Testament.

This journey invites reflection on what it means to bear witness to one's faith at the cost of one's life, and on the role of lay people in the mission of the Church. The death of Stephen also opens a decisive turning point: it triggers the persecution that will paradoxically accelerate the spread of the Gospel beyond Jerusalem.

  • ADA027 Stephen's appearance before the Sanhedrin

    The appearance of Stephen before the Sanhedrin (Acts 6.12-15), around AD 34-35, is initiated by Hellenistic opponents from the synagogue of the Freedmen. Unable to refute his wisdom, they resort to false witnesses. The accusations concern the Temple and the Law, recalling the trial of Jesus. Luke thus draws an intentional parallel between the Master and his disciple.

    Acts 6.11-13 (King James Version) :
    Then they suborned men, which said, We have heard him speak blasphemous words against Moses, and against God.And they stirred up the people, and the elders, and the scribes, and came upon him, and caught him, and brought him to the council,And set up false witnesses, which said, This man ceaseth not to speak blasphemous words against this holy place, and the law:
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA028 Stephen's speech before the Sanhedrin

    Before the Sanhedrin in Jerusalem around AD 34-35, Stephen delivers the longest speech in Acts. Retracing the history of Israel from Abraham, he shows that God's messengers have always been rejected, culminating in the rejection of the Messiah. Far from defending himself, Stephen becomes the accuser of his judges, taking his place in the line of the prophets and of Christ.

    Acts 7.39-41 (King James Version) :
    To whom our fathers would not obey, but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt,Saying unto Aaron, Make us gods to go before us: for as for this Moses, which brought us out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice unto the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Organization of the Early Church

In the first decades of Christianity, communities of believers had to organize quickly to cope with their growth and their internal needs. The book of Acts is the main source for understanding how these structures emerged, under the impetus of apostles such as Peter and other founding figures.

This organization touched very concrete areas: the appointment of leaders, the management of common resources, the welcoming of new believers, and the resolution of internal conflicts. It also reflects the tensions between communities of Jewish and Greek origin, which led to gradual adjustments.

Reading on this theme means discovering how a nascent faith equipped itself with lasting structures while remaining faithful to its mission. It also means understanding the historical roots of the Church as it exists today, with its ministries, its councils, and its modes of governance.

  • ADA025 The appointment of the Seven and the organization of the early Church

    Acts 6,1-7 relates the first internal crisis of the Jerusalem Church, linked to the unequal distribution to the widows. To remedy it, the Twelve propose appointing seven men full of the Holy Spirit and of wisdom. This foundational decision distinguishes the ministries while affirming their complementarity, and is accompanied by remarkable growth of the nascent Christian community.

    Acts 2.42 (King James Version) :
    And they continued stedfastly in the apostles’ doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in prayers.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Persecution of the Early Church

From its origins, the Christian Church faced vigorous opposition from the Jewish religious authorities and, later, from the Roman powers. The book of Acts describes these first trials precisely: arrests, appearances before the Sanhedrin, the stoning of Stephen — the first Christian martyr — and the dispersion of believers out of Jerusalem.

These persecutions had a paradoxical effect: far from stifling the movement, they contributed to its geographical spread. Believers driven from their communities carried their faith with them and shared it in new regions.

This theme sheds light on fundamental questions about spiritual resistance, the courage of witnesses, and the meaning of martyrdom. It also helps us better understand why the first letters of the New Testament insist so much on perseverance and hope in the face of adversity.

  • ADA026 The arrest of Stephen

    The article analyzes the arrest of Stephen (Acts 6.8-12) in Jerusalem around AD 34-35. Although appointed among the Seven, Stephen carries out a remarkable apostolic ministry. His witness provokes the opposition of Hellenistic Jews who, unable to refute him, resort to false witnesses to bring him before the Sanhedrin. Luke highlights the parallels with the trial of Jesus and the gradual extension of the persecution to the whole Church.

    Acts 6.11-13 (King James Version) :
    Then they suborned men, which said, We have heard him speak blasphemous words against Moses, and against God.And they stirred up the people, and the elders, and the scribes, and came upon him, and caught him, and brought him to the council,And set up false witnesses, which said, This man ceaseth not to speak blasphemous words against this holy place, and the law:
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA029 The murder of Stephen

    Analysis of the account of the stoning of Stephen (Acts 7.54-60), the first Christian martyr. The article examines the anger of the Sanhedrin, the legally irregular character of the execution, the vision of the glorified Christ granted to Stephen, and the theological parallel Luke draws between the passion of the disciple and that of Jesus. The presence of Saul foreshadows the rest of the apostolic narrative.

    Psalms 31.5 (King James Version) :
    Into thine hand I commit my spirit: thou hast redeemed me, O LORD God of truth.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA030 Saul and the martyrdom of Stephen

    Article ADA030 examines Acts 8.1-3: the first appearance of Saul of Tarsus, who approves of Stephen’s martyrdom, and the beginning of a great persecution against the church in Jerusalem. The scattering of believers throughout Judea and Samaria, far from being a defeat, providentially becomes the driving force behind the spread of the Gospel, fulfilling Jesus’ promise in Acts 1.8.

    Acts 22.4-5 (King James Version) :
    And I persecuted this way unto the death, binding and delivering into prisons both men and women.As also the high priest doth bear me witness, and all the estate of the elders: from whom also I received letters unto the brethren, and went to Damascus, to bring them which were there bound unto Jerusalem, for to be punished.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA031 The persecution

    Article ADA031 examines the great persecution of the early church in Jerusalem (Acts 8.1-3), around AD 34-35. After Stephen’s martyrdom, the repression extends to all believers, women included. Saul of Tarsus is its chief architect, driven by a sincere but misdirected zeal for the Jewish traditions. This text illustrates the fulfillment of Jesus’ warnings about persecution and foreshadows Paul’s future conversion.

    Numbers 25.7-13 (King James Version) :
    And when Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, saw it, he rose up from among the congregation, and took a javelin in his hand;And he went after the man of Israel into the tent, and thrust both of them through, the man of Israel, and the woman through her belly. So the plague was stayed from the children of Israel.And those that died in the plague were twenty and four thousand.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Notefor…: Heb. with my zealNotechief…: Heb. house of a fatherPhinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, hath turned my wrath away from the children of Israel, while he was zealous for my sake among them, that I consumed not the children of Israel in my jealousy.Wherefore say, Behold, I give unto him my covenant of peace:And he shall have it, and his seed after him, even the covenant of an everlasting priesthood; because he was zealous for his God, and made an atonement for the children of Israel.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
    Read more

    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate