Étude 1 sur 17 · Témoignages confirmant celui du Messie Jésus

  1. Étude 1 : Témoignages confirmant celui du Messie Jésus
  2. Étude 2 : Les pharisiens envisagent d’assassiner le Messie Jésus
  3. Étude 3 : Le jugement des pharisiens
  4. Étude 4 : La parabole du figuier stérile
  5. Étude 5 : Les questions des docteurs de la loi
  6. Étude 6 : Le dialogue de Jésus avec Jean et les femmes
  7. Étude 7 : Les précisions de Jean
  8. Étude 8 : Joseph d’Arimathée demande le corps de Jésus
  9. Étude 9 : Joseph d’Arimathée et Nicodème mettent le corps de Jésus dans le tombeau
  10. Étude 10 : L'ensevelissement de Jésus : aromates et linceul
  11. Étude 11 : Le retour et l’attente des disciples
  12. Étude 12 : Le choix de Matthias
  13. Étude 13 : La délibération et la sentence du Sanhédrin
  14. Étude 14 : La persécution
  15. Étude 15 : Les pharisiens
  16. Étude 16 : La recherche de Nicodème
  17. Étude 17 : La résurrection

From the second to the third Passover festival

  • PER072 Testimonies confirming that of Jesus the Messiah

    The article discusses the testimonies confirming that Jesus is the Messiah, notably those of John the Baptist and the divine miracles, in John's tradition. The setting is Jerusalem after Passover in March AD 31. Jesus criticises the religious authorities who do not recognise him and invokes Moses as a precursor. Some, such as Nicodemus, will convert.

    Genesis 28.18 (King James Version) :
    And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put for his pillows, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER078 The Pharisees plan to murder Jesus the Messiah

    Pericope 78 recounts the Pharisees' decision to murder Jesus the Messiah following the healing of the man with the paralysed hand on a Sabbath. In AD 31, in Capernaum, a clear divide separates the hostile religious authorities from the admiring people. Dissenting voices such as Nicodemus and Gamaliel testify to internal opposition within the Sanhedrin. Despite this plot, Jesus resolutely continues his ministry.

    Luke 6.11 (King James Version) :
    And they were filled with madness; and communed one with another what they might do to Jesus.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER158 The judgment of the Pharisees

    Pericope PER158 analyzes the Pharisees' reaction to Jesus' miracles at Capernaum (Matt 9.33-34). While the crowd recognizes a divine work, the Pharisees attribute Jesus' actions to the devil. Their rejection is deliberate: accepting Jesus would mean losing their privileges. Yet some, such as Nicodemus, Joseph of Arimathea and Saul of Tarsus, would choose to follow him. The healed mute man, for his part, goes away in joy and gratitude.

    Acts 5.34-39 (King James Version) :
    Then stood there up one in the council, a Pharisee, named Gamaliel, a doctor of the law, had in reputation among all the people, and commanded to put the apostles forth a little space;And said unto them, Ye men of Israel, take heed to yourselves what ye intend to do as touching these men.For before these days rose up Theudas, boasting himself to be somebody; to whom a number of men, about four hundred, joined themselves: who was slain; and all, as many as obeyed him, were scattered, and brought to nought.After this man rose up Judas of Galilee in the days of the taxing, and drew away much people after him: he also perished; and all, even as many as obeyed him, were dispersed.And now I say unto you, Refrain from these men, and let them alone: for if this counsel or this work be of men, it will come to nought:But if it be of God, ye can not overthrow it; lest haply ye be found even to fight against God.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

From the 3rd Passover to the start of the final week

  • PER230 The parable of the barren fig tree

    The parable of the barren fig tree (Luke 13.6-9), reported only by Luke, illustrates God’s patience and the urgency of conversion. Jesus warns that every disciple who bears no spiritual fruit risks judgment, while emphasizing that God grants an additional time of grace. This text follows on from Luke 13.1-5 and carries a twofold message: a solemn warning and divine mercy.

    John 19.38 (King James Version) :
    And after this Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

The last week before the arrest

  • PER296 The questions of the teachers of the law

    During the last week before his Passion, Jesus is questioned by teachers of the Law about the greatest commandment. He sums up the whole Law in two principles: loving God and loving one’s neighbor. A sincere scribe acknowledges the rightness of this answer, and Jesus tells him that he is not far from the Kingdom. The article nuances the view of Pharisaism and invites a faith lived in love rather than in legalism.

    Mark 12.34 (King James Version) :
    And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

The last day up to the crucifixion

  • PER355 Jesus' dialogue with John and the women

    At the foot of the cross, Jesus entrusts his mother Mary to John, the beloved disciple (John 19.25-27). As the only gospel to report this scene, John stresses the courageous presence of the women and of John at Golgotha. This dialogue reveals a twofold significance: human, as Jesus fulfills his filial responsibilities, and spiritual, as he establishes a new family founded on faith rather than blood. John obeys immediately, bearing witness to his faithfulness.

    John 7.5 (King James Version) :
    For neither did his brethren believe in him.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER358 John's Added Details

    John 19.31-37 reports details found only in his account of the events following Jesus' death: the Jewish authorities' request to have the bodies removed before the Passover Sabbath, the crurifragium applied to the robbers but not to Jesus, who was already dead, and the spear piercing his side. John, an eyewitness, attests the reality of Christ's death and the fulfillment of the Scriptures concerning the Passover Lamb.

    John 19.37 (King James Version) :
    And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER361 Joseph of Arimathea asks for the body of Jesus

    Joseph of Arimathea, a prominent member of the Sanhedrin and a secret disciple of Jesus, courageously asks Pilate to release the body of the Crucified One. Accompanied by Nicodemus, he arranges a dignified burial in his own new tomb, before the Sabbath begins. This episode, attested by all four Gospels, illustrates the passage from discretion to a public act of faith at the very moment when the closest disciples remain in hiding.

    Luke 23.44 (King James Version) :
    And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER362 Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus place the body of Jesus in the tomb

    Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, two members of the Sanhedrin favorable to Jesus, bury his body on Friday, April 1, AD 33, before the Sabbath. Nicodemus brings a large quantity of spices, and Joseph provides his new tomb. Their courageous and public act, carried out according to Jewish rites, gives the Messiah's burial a royal and honorable dimension, marking their emergence from discretion after the crucifixion.

    Matthew 27.45 (King James Version) :
    Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Contradictions

  • CTD047 The burial of Jesus: spices and linen shroud

    L'article examine la prétendue contradiction entre les Évangiles de Jean et Marc sur l'ensevelissement de Jésus. Jean rapporte une préparation funéraire initiale par Nicodème avant le sabbat, tandis que Marc décrit une intention post-sabbat des femmes de compléter cette préparation. L'article conclut que les récits sont complémentaires, illustrant un hommage commun rendu à Jésus.

    Mark 16.1 (King James Version) :
    And when the sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, had bought sweet spices, that they might come and anoint him.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Pierre's Ministry

  • ADA004 Le retour et l’attente des disciples

    Après l'ascension de Jésus (12 mai 33), les disciples retournent à Jérusalem depuis le mont des Oliviers, distant d'un 'chemin de sabbat'. Ils se rassemblent dans une chambre haute, probablement la maison de Marie mère de Jean Marc, et persévèrent unanimement dans la prière, avec les femmes et la famille de Jésus. Cette période d'attente préfigure les caractéristiques de l'Église naissante.

    Acts 1.4-5 (King James Version) :
    And, being assembled together with them, commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which, saith he, ye have heard of me.For John truly baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA005 Matthias's Choice

    Analyse d'Actes 1.15-26, relatant l'élection de Matthias pour remplacer Judas l'Iscariote. Pierre, porte-parole naturel des disciples, fonde la nécessité de ce remplacement sur les Psaumes. Les critères apostoliques sont précisés : avoir suivi Jésus depuis son baptême et être témoin de sa résurrection. Matthias est finalement désigné par tirage au sort après prière, rétablissant le collège des Douze, symbole des douze tribus d'Israël.

    Acts 1.20 (King James Version) :
    For it is written in the book of Psalms, Let his habitation be desolate, and let no man dwell therein: and his bishoprick let another take.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA014 The Sanhedrin's Deliberation and Verdict

    Face à l'embarras du Sanhédrin après un miracle accompli par Pierre et Jean, les autorités religieuses interdisent la prédication au nom de Jésus, espérant que des menaces compromettront le message chrétien. Pierre et Jean répondent en affirmant leur obéissance prioritaire à Dieu, illustrant une transformation spirituelle soutenue par le Saint-Esprit.

    Acts 4.8 (King James Version) :
    Then Peter, filled with the Holy Ghost, said unto them, Ye rulers of the people, and elders of Israel,
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • ADA031 Persecution

    L'article ADA031 analyse la grande persécution de l'Église primitive à Jérusalem (Actes 8.1-3), vers l'an 34-35. Après le martyre d'Étienne, la répression s'étend à tous les croyants, y compris les femmes. Saul de Tarse en est le principal artisan, animé d'un zèle sincère mais mal dirigé pour les traditions juives. Ce texte illustre l'accomplissement des avertissements de Jésus sur la persécution et préfigure la conversion future de Paul.

    John 16.2 (King James Version) :
    They shall put you out of the synagogues: yea, the time cometh, that whosoever killeth you will think that he doeth God service.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Historical notes

  • INF002 The Pharisees

    Les Pharisiens, apparus après la révolte des Maccabées (165 av. J.-C.), étaient un groupe religieux influent du judaïsme antique. Attachés à la Torah écrite et orale, ils croyaient en la résurrection et restaient proches du peuple. Souvent en conflit avec Jésus dans les Évangiles, ils ont néanmoins donné des figures comme Nicodème et Joseph d'Arimathée. Leurs enseignements ont fondé le judaïsme rabbinique après la destruction du Temple en 70 ap. J.-C.

    John 3.1-21 (King James Version) :
    There was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews:The same came to Jesus by night, and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can do these miracles that thou doest, except God be with him.Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter the second time into his mother’s womb, and be born?Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born again.The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit.Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be?Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou a master of Israel, and knowest not these things?Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness.If I have told you earthly things, and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you of heavenly things?And no man hath ascended up to heaven, but he that came down from heaven, even the Son of man which is in heaven.And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up:That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life.For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved.He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved.But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God.
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    Level: Easy Audience: Beginners

Word of a Friend

  • PDA002 Nicodemus’ search

    This article looks at the story of Nicodemus, a Pharisee who meets Jesus by night according to John 3:1-21. Nicodemus seeks to understand the biblical idea of being born again in order to enter the kingdom of God. He moves from fear to courageous faith, helping with Jesus’ burial after his crucifixion. This account shows how a genuine encounter with Jesus can transform a life. Nicodemus’ experience symbolizes the passage from intellectual curiosity to an authentic, committed faith.

    John 7.50-52 (King James Version) :
    Nicodemus saith unto them, (he that came to Jesus by night, being one of them,)Doth our law judge any man, before it hear him, and know what he doeth?They answered and said unto him, Art thou also of Galilee? Search, and look: for out of Galilee ariseth no prophet.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PDA007 The Resurrection

    The article examines the resurrection of Jesus, a key event of Christianity. The women's visit to the tomb and the apostles' initial unbelief in the face of this extraordinary event are highlighted. The author explains that God continues to speak to people in various ways, but that humanity often chooses to ignore these spiritual messages.

    Luke 24.10-11 (King James Version) :
    It was Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, and Mary the mother of James, and other women that were with them, which told these things unto the apostles.And their words seemed to them as idle tales, and they believed them not.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Further reading