Étude 1 sur 9 · Le partage des vêtements et les moqueries

  1. Étude 1 : Le partage des vêtements et les moqueries
  2. Étude 2 : La mort du Messie Jésus
  3. Étude 3 : Les précisions de Jean
  4. Étude 4 : Les signes extraordinaires accompagnant la mort de Jésus
  5. Étude 5 : Les disciples présents à la crucifixion
  6. Étude 6 : Joseph d’Arimathée demande le corps de Jésus
  7. Étude 7 : Joseph d’Arimathée et Nicodème mettent le corps de Jésus dans le tombeau
  8. Study 8: The robbers on the cross?
  9. Étude 9 : Quelles furent les dernières paroles de Jésus avant sa mort ?

The last day up to the crucifixion

  • PER353 The division of the garments and the mockery

    The passage PER353 analyzes the division of Jesus’ garments and the mockery during his crucifixion at Golgotha. The four Gospels agree on this episode: the soldiers cast lots for the seamless tunic, fulfilling Psalm 22.19. Luke reports Jesus’ prayer of forgiveness for his executioners, Mark his cry of abandonment, and Matthew the taunts of the passersby and the religious leaders. This synoptic article brings out the theological richness of each Gospel account.

    John 19.17 (King James Version) :
    And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER357 The Death of the Messiah Jesus

    Pericope PER357 analyzes the death of Jesus on the cross at Golgotha, on Friday, April 1, AD 33, around 3 p.m., drawing on the four Gospel accounts. Matthew and Mark are very close; Luke reports the last words of Jesus and the reaction of the centurion; John, a direct witness, gives details of the events after his death and their prophetic fulfillment. The article includes a precise chronology of the three days and three nights according to the Jewish calendar.

    John 19.32 (King James Version) :
    Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER358 John's Added Details

    John 19.31-37 reports details found only in his account of the events following Jesus' death: the Jewish authorities' request to have the bodies removed before the Passover Sabbath, the crurifragium applied to the robbers but not to Jesus, who was already dead, and the spear piercing his side. John, an eyewitness, attests the reality of Christ's death and the fulfillment of the Scriptures concerning the Passover Lamb.

    John 19.36 (King James Version) :
    For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER359 The extraordinary signs accompanying the death of Jesus

    At the death of Jesus on Golgotha, several extraordinary signs occur: the veil of the Temple is torn from top to bottom, symbolizing direct access to God; an earthquake shakes the region; rocks are split and tombs are opened. These phenomena, reported mainly by Matthew, signify the end of the old covenant, the coming of a new one, and Christ's victory over death, confirmed by the confession of the Roman centurion.

    Exodus 19.18 (King James Version) :
    And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER360 The disciples present at the crucifixion

    PER360 analyzes the disciples present at the crucifixion of Jesus at Golgotha, comparing the four Gospels. They were mostly women — Mary the mother of Jesus, Mary Magdalene, Salome, Mary the wife of Clopas — and the apostle John, the only man mentioned. Their courage contrasts with the flight of the male disciples. Jesus entrusts his mother to John, a gesture of profound humanity. A supernatural darkness covers the scene from noon until 3 p.m., on Friday, April 1, AD 33.

    Zechariah 13.7 (King James Version) :
    Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man that is my fellow, saith the LORD of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn mine hand upon the little ones.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER361 Joseph of Arimathea asks for the body of Jesus

    Joseph of Arimathea, a prominent member of the Sanhedrin and a secret disciple of Jesus, courageously asks Pilate to release the body of the Crucified One. Accompanied by Nicodemus, he arranges a dignified burial in his own new tomb, before the Sabbath begins. This episode, attested by all four Gospels, illustrates the passage from discretion to a public act of faith at the very moment when the closest disciples remain in hiding.

    Matthew 27.45 (King James Version) :
    Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER362 Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus place the body of Jesus in the tomb

    Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, two members of the Sanhedrin favorable to Jesus, bury his body on Friday, April 1, AD 33, before the Sabbath. Nicodemus brings a large quantity of spices, and Joseph provides his new tomb. Their courageous and public act, carried out according to Jewish rites, gives the Messiah's burial a royal and honorable dimension, marking their emergence from discretion after the crucifixion.

    2 Chronicles 16.14 (King James Version) :
    And they buried him in his own sepulchres, which he had made for himself in the city of David, and laid him in the bed which was filled with sweet odours and divers kinds of spices prepared by the apothecaries’ art: and they made a very great burning for him.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Contradictions

  • CTD028 The robbers on the cross?

    This article explores how the accounts of Mark and Luke concerning the robbers crucified with Jesus complement each other. Mark describes the initial mockery, while Luke reveals one robber's repentance, highlighting his spiritual development.

    Luke 23.40-43 (King James Version) :
    But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Dost not thou fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation?And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss.And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • CTD044 What were Jesus' last words before his death?

    This article examines the alleged contradiction between Luke and John concerning Jesus' last words. Luke mentions "Father, I commit my spirit", while John reports "It is finished". The analysis reveals that these statements are complementary, illustrating two dimensions of Jesus' death: the fulfilment of salvation and the entrusting of his spirit to the Father. The differences highlight each evangelist's unique theological perspective.

    John 4.34 (King James Version) :
    Jesus saith unto them, My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Further reading
  • ANN091 The women at the foot of the cross

    The article analyzes the presence and role of the women at the crucifixion of Jesus. These women, notably Mary Magdalene, show an…