Doctrines of the Bible 7 studies
- 1The Founding Texts of the Bible
- 2The Writing and Compilation of the Texts of the Old Testament
- 3The Hebrew Bible
- 4The Doctrines of the Bible
- 5The Doctrine of God
Biblical Inerrancy 2 studies
Apparent Contradictions in the Gospels 7 studies
- 10The colt and the donkey?
- 11Peter’s discovery?
- 12Jesus’ meeting with Peter?
- 13Jairus' daughter
- 14The staff for the journey
Criticism and Defense of the Gospels
The critiques and defense of the Gospels represent an important field of study for understanding their historical, literary, and philosophical contexts. The Gospels, as accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus, have prompted both deep questions and determined efforts at defense. Examined through the lens of modern criticism, questions about their historical reliability, coherence, and transmission through the centuries often arise.
Defending the Gospels involves demonstrating their authenticity and their value as historical and spiritual testimonies. Apologists have put forward textual, archaeological, and traditional evidence to support their credibility. They emphasize the convergence of the Gospels with other historical sources of the period and the internal elements that point to writing faithful to the events described.
Analyzing the critiques and defense of the Gospels helps strengthen a balanced understanding of their importance and influence. This field encourages an exploration of the many dimensions of the Gospel accounts, while cultivating an ongoing dialogue about their meaning for believers and researchers, and their place within the whole of the Christian tradition.
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ANN019
Did God Really Say?
This article discusses the reliability of the Gospels and the criticisms they attract, defending their inerrancy under divine guidance. It distinguishes between legitimate criticism and…
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ANN046
Technical Requirements of Publishing in the First Century
This appendix explores the technical constraints of first-century publishing that explain certain omissions in the Gospels. Writing on costly papyrus, the Egyptian monopoly…
Doctrines of the Bible
Biblical doctrines constitute the theological framework of the Christian faith. This theme brings together the articles that present and examine the great teachings the Bible develops about God, human beings, salvation, the Church, and the last things. The aim here is to account for what the Scriptures affirm consistently across their various books.
It addresses questions as fundamental as the nature of God, the meaning of human existence, the relationship between Judaism and Christianity, and the religious practices that the Bible regulates. These studies rely on a careful reading of the texts, taking into account their historical and literary context.
This journey is ideal for those who wish to build or consolidate a structured understanding of the biblical faith. Rather than dealing with individual accounts, it invites an overall reflection on what the Bible teaches and on the coherence of its doctrinal message.
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BIB001
The Founding Texts of the Bible
The article deals with the writing of the first five books of the Bible. It highlights oral transmission, writing, and the integration of various literary sources. The importance of textual preservation through the centuries is also addressed, as are the historical motivations of the writers.
Deuteronomy 6.7 (King James Version) :And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
BIB002
The Writing and Compilation of the Texts of the Old Testament
This article examines the complex composition of the Old Testament, from oral transmission to written compilation. It covers various sections of the Hebrew Bible, such as the historical books recounting the history of Israel and the poetic books offering reflections on faith. The prophetic texts are also analyzed, highlighting the prophets' calls to repentance. The impact of these texts, at first limited to the Jewish people, is now worldwide.
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BIB003
The Hebrew Bible
This article analyzes the development and compilation of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, focusing on its three sections: the Torah, the Nevi'im and the Ketouvim. It highlights the historical processes and scholarly decisions that led to its final form.
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DOC000
The Doctrines of the Bible
The biblical doctrines reveal principles of life meant to guide humanity, leading believers toward a balanced existence. Obedience to these principles bears witness to a genuine allegiance to Christ.
Psalms 8.4-6 (King James Version) :What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, that thou visitest him?For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honour.Thou madest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands; thou hast put all things under his feet:King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
DOC001
The Doctrine of God
This article highlights the importance of the doctrine of God in Christian theology, addressing who God is and how he reveals himself to human beings. The knowledge of God comes from creation, from the moral conscience, and above all from Jesus Christ. This study encourages a life of worship and faith.
Romans 2.14-15 (King James Version) :For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves:Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another;)King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
DOC002
The Doctrine of the Word
The article explains how God reveals himself through his Word, which is essential to the Christian faith. It creates and inspires, culminating in Jesus Christ, the incarnate Word. The study of this doctrine sheds light on divine reality and its role in Christianity.
Romans 10.17 (King James Version) :So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
PER122
Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit
This article explores blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, an unforgivable offense discussed in the Gospels. Attributing the works of the Holy Spirit to an unclean spirit crosses a boundary beyond forgiveness. The crucial role of the Holy Spirit in forgiveness and conversion is emphasized. The article broadens the discussion to consider the possibility of such a sin in the contemporary context.
Mark 3.28-30 (King James Version) :Verily I say unto you, All sins shall be forgiven unto the sons of men, and blasphemies wherewith soever they shall blaspheme:But he that shall blaspheme against the Holy Ghost hath never forgiveness, but is in danger of eternal damnation:Because they said, He hath an unclean spirit.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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ANN045
The debate over the date of Jesus’ death
The article ANN045 examines the debate on the date of the death of Jesus, comparing the two main hypotheses: April 7, AD 30…
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ANN047
Origins of the 12 apostles
The appendix ANN047 studies the origin of the twelve apostles on the basis of the four canonical lists (Matthew, Mark, Luke, Acts). It analyzes the convergences and divergences between…
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ANN098
Strong's numbers
The article presents the Strong's numbers, a system designed to help with Bible study by making it easier to understand the original words of Scripture. Developed…
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ANN103
Repentance
This study focuses on 'ANN103 - La repentance', examining the word 'repentance' in its Latin and Greek origins. It underscores the importance of…
Biblical Inerrancy
Biblical inerrancy refers to the conviction that the Bible, in everything it affirms, is free from error. This doctrine is at the heart of theological debates about the authority of the Scriptures and about how they can be trusted, both spiritually and historically.
The articles devoted to this subject examine the foundations of this claim, the nuances that theologians bring to it, and the objections that critics raise against it. They draw on concrete passages of the Gospels and the Old Testament to illustrate how the internal coherence of the Bible argues in favor of its reliability.
To approach inerrancy is also to reflect on the nature of divine revelation and the role of human authors in writing the sacred texts. This theme therefore fits naturally into a broader reflection on the Word of God and its authority for the Christian faith.
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BIB000
The Incredible Odyssey of the Transmission of the Bible
This article explores the thousand-year transmission of the Bible, its translations and its cultural impact. It highlights the efforts of many individuals and concludes on the spiritual importance of the Bible.
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PER011
The first census of Quirinius
This article explores the controversial census of Quirinius, mentioned only by Luke, which supposedly took place in -2 BC, with no tangible evidence available. Luke is said to have checked his contemporary sources, lending credibility to his account, although the event's historicity remains debated.
Luke 2.1-2 (King James Version) :And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Cæsar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed.(And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.)King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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ANN105
The inerrancy of the Bible
This article examines the doctrine of the inerrancy of the Bible, which affirms that the Scriptures are without error in their original texts thanks to the inspiration…
Apparent Contradictions in the Gospels
The four Gospels tell the life and ministry of Jesus, but they do not always do so in the same way. Certain details seem to contradict one another from one account to another: order of events, wording of Jesus' words, identity of witnesses, hour of the crucifixion. These divergences intrigue readers and regularly fuel questions about the reliability of the texts.
This theme brings together the articles that examine these apparent contradictions seriously and methodically. The aim is not to brush them aside, but to analyze them in light of the historical context, the literary conventions of antiquity, the particular intentions of each evangelist, and the principles of Gospel harmony.
These studies often show that what looks like a contradiction in fact reveals the richness and complementarity of the Gospel perspectives. A rigorous journey, accessible to curious readers and theology students alike, that strengthens rather than shakes confidence in the Scriptures.
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CTD011
The colt and the donkey?
Article CTD011 responds to an alleged contradiction about the number of animals at Jesus' entry into Jerusalem. Mark and Luke mention a colt, while Matthew mentions a donkey and her colt. The author shows that this is not a contradiction but a difference of focus: Matthew, writing for a Jewish audience, emphasizes the literal fulfillment of the prophecy in Zechariah 9.9. Jesus rode only one animal, the colt, but the donkey's presence is mentioned for its prophetic and practical context.
Isaiah 62.11 (King James Version) :Behold, the LORD hath proclaimed unto the end of the world, Say ye to the daughter of Zion, Behold, thy salvation cometh; behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
CTD012
Peter’s discovery?
Article CTD012 addresses an alleged contradiction between John 1.41 and Matthew 16.17 concerning Peter's discovery of Jesus' messianic identity. These two passages actually describe two complementary stages: an initial human announcement made by Andrew, followed by an inward divine revelation confirmed by Jesus himself. Peter's faith is a gradual journey, not a single event.
Matthew 16.13-17 (King James Version) :When Jesus came into the coasts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, Whom do men say that I the Son of man am?And they said, Some say that thou art John the Baptist: some, Elias; and others, Jeremias, or one of the prophets.He saith unto them, But whom say ye that I am?And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon Bar-jona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
CTD013
Jesus’ meeting with Peter?
Article CTD013 addresses a classic objection: where did Jesus first meet Peter and Andrew? Matthew places the encounter in Galilee, John on the banks of the Jordan. The article demonstrates that these are two distinct stages: an initial encounter in Judea (John), followed by a definitive call in Galilee (Matthew). The two accounts are complementary, not contradictory, and illustrate the gradual development of the disciples' calling.
Matthew 4.19 (King James Version) :And he saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
CTD014
Jairus' daughter
Article CTD014 examines the alleged contradiction between Matthew 9.18 and Mark 5.23 concerning the condition of Jairus's daughter. Matthew says she is dead, Mark that she is dying. The analysis shows that these accounts are complementary: Mark describes a narrative progression in which the death occurs along the way, while Matthew condenses the event by presenting the final condition directly. There is no contradiction, but two distinct editorial styles recounting the same miracle.
Matthew 9.18 (King James Version) :While he spake these things unto them, behold, there came a certain ruler, and worshipped him, saying, My daughter is even now dead: but come and lay thy hand upon her, and she shall live.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
CTD015
The staff for the journey
Article CTD015 addresses an Islamic objection concerning an alleged Gospel contradiction: did Jesus permit or forbid a staff on the disciples' mission? Mark 6.8 permits it, while Matthew 10.9-10 and Luke 9.3 seem to forbid it. The analysis shows that Matthew and Luke state the general principle of travelling unencumbered, while Mark clarifies that a staff, an everyday object already owned, is not covered by this prohibition. There is therefore no contradiction, but complementary teaching.
Mark 6.7-9 (King James Version) :And he called unto him the twelve, and began to send them forth by two and two; and gave them power over unclean spirits;And commanded them that they should take nothing for their journey, save a staff only; no scrip, no bread, no money in their purse:But be shod with sandals; and not put on two coats.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
CTD016
John the Baptist risen from the dead?
Article CTD016 examines the alleged contradiction between Matthew 14.2, Mark 6.14 and Luke 9.7-9 concerning Herod Antipas' opinion of Jesus. Luke portrays Herod as uncertain, while Matthew and Mark report his private statement identifying Jesus with John the Baptist raised from the dead. The author demonstrates that there is no contradiction but a complementary narrative, explained by the publishing constraints of the first century.
Matthew 14.1-2 (King James Version) :At that time Herod the tetrarch heard of the fame of Jesus,And said unto his servants, This is John the Baptist; he is risen from the dead; and therefore mighty works do shew forth themselves in him.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
CTD043
In which language did Jesus speak?
Article CTD043 addresses the alleged contradiction between Matthew (“Eli, Eli…”) and Mark (“Eloï, Eloï…”) regarding Jesus’ cry on the cross. Linguistic analysis shows that Jesus spoke Aramaic (as evidenced by “sabachthani” in both texts) and that the difference between “Eli” (the Hebrew form) and “Eloï” (the Aramaic form) simply reflects each evangelist’s adaptation to his readership. There is no contradiction.
Luke 4.16-21 (King James Version) :And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up for to read.And there was delivered unto him the book of the prophet Esaias. And when he had opened the book, he found the place where it was written,The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,To preach the acceptable year of the Lord.And he closed the book, and he gave it again to the minister, and sat down. And the eyes of all them that were in the synagogue were fastened on him.And he began to say unto them, This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org