Étude 1 sur 15 · Le quatrième et dernier songe de Joseph

  1. Étude 1 : Le quatrième et dernier songe de Joseph
  2. Étude 2 : L’arrestation de Jean le baptiste
  3. Étude 3 : De la Judée à la Galilée
  4. Étude 4 : Début de prédication en Galilée
  5. Étude 5 : L’officier du roi à Cana en Galilée
  6. Étude 6 : Mort de Jean le baptiste
  7. Étude 7 : Rappel de l'arrestation de Jean le baptiste
  8. Étude 8 : Rappel des conditions de l'assassinat de Jean le baptiste
  9. Étude 9 : Enseignement des disciples sur l'influence des pharisiens
  10. Étude 10 : Enseignements du Messie Jésus sur la route de Jérusalem
  11. Étude 11 : Présentation au "roi" Antipas
  12. Étude 12 : Le retour devant Ponce Pilate
  13. Étude 13 : Jean baptiste ressuscité ?
  14. Étude 14 : Hérode voulait-il tuer Jean le baptiste ?
  15. Étude 15 : Les romains

The life of Jesus up to the age of 12

  • PER026 Joseph's fourth and final dream

    Joseph receives divine instructions in a dream, leading him to return to Nazareth with his family rather than Bethlehem. Matthew emphasises that this decision fulfils the prophecy that Jesus will be called a Nazarene.

    Matthew 2.22-23 (King James Version) :
    But when he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judaea in the room of his father Herod, he was afraid to go thither: notwithstanding, being warned of God in a dream, he turned aside into the parts of Galilee:And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, He shall be called a Nazarene.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

The ministry of John the Baptist

  • PER044 John the Baptist’s arrest

    The article explores John the Baptist’s arrest by Herod Antipas, illustrating a major transition from John’s ministry to that of Jesus as the sole acknowledged Messiah. The event, probably in AD 30, is a crucial turning point in the religious context of the time, highlighted by references to the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.

    John 3.24 (King James Version) :
    For John was not yet cast into prison.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

The beginning of the ministry in Galilee

  • PER045 From Judea to Galilee

    Jesus leaves Judea for Galilee after John’s arrest, not out of fear but to begin his ministry fully. This marks a transition towards Galilee, where he receives a more favourable welcome.

    John 4.1-3 (King James Version) :
    When therefore the Lord knew how the Pharisees had heard that Jesus made and baptized more disciples than John,(Though Jesus himself baptized not, but his disciples,)He left Judæa, and departed again into Galilee.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER052 The beginning of the preaching in Galilee

    Pericope PER052 marks the official beginning of Jesus’ preaching in Galilee after John the Baptist’s arrest. Matthew emphasises continuity between John’s message and Jesus’ message, both calling for repentance. This decisive turning point, placed in Capernaum around February–March 31, confirms the fulfilment of messianic prophecies and Jesus’ full entry into his public ministry.

    Luke 9.7 (King James Version) :
    Now Herod the tetrarch heard of all that was done by him: and he was perplexed, because that it was said of some, that John was risen from the dead;
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER053 The king’s officer at Cana in Galilee

    Pericope 53 recounts the miracle Jesus performed at Cana in Galilee for a royal officer who came from Capernaum because of his sick son (John 4:46–54). Dated to February–March 31, this episode is the second Johannine sign performed at Cana. The officer’s identity remains uncertain, but the author favours Roman origins, illustrating the universality of salvation in John’s theology. This man must not be confused with the centurion in pericope 110.

    John 4.46-54 (King James Version) :
    So Jesus came again into Cana of Galilee, where he made the water wine. And there was a certain nobleman, whose son was sick at Capernaum.When he heard that Jesus was come out of Judæa into Galilee, he went unto him, and besought him that he would come down, and heal his son: for he was at the point of death.Then said Jesus unto him, Except ye see signs and wonders, ye will not believe.The nobleman saith unto him, Sir, come down ere my child die.Jesus saith unto him, Go thy way; thy son liveth. And the man believed the word that Jesus had spoken unto him, and he went his way.And as he was now going down, his servants met him, and told him, saying, Thy son liveth.Then enquired he of them the hour when he began to amend. And they said unto him, Yesterday at the seventh hour the fever left him.So the father knew that it was at the same hour, in the which Jesus said unto him, Thy son liveth: and himself believed, and his whole house.This is again the second miracle that Jesus did, when he was come out of Judæa into Galilee.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

From the second to the third Passover festival

  • PER163 Death of John the Baptist

    Pericope 163 analyzes Herod Antipas's reaction to the fame of Jesus, whom he identifies with John the Baptist risen from the dead. Through a synoptic comparison of Matthew 14.1-2, Mark 6.14-16 and Luke 9.7-9, the article explores the convergences and differences between the three accounts, the political context in Galilee in March AD 32, and the weight of Herod's guilt after the murder of John the Baptist.

    Luke 9.7-9 (King James Version) :
    Now Herod the tetrarch heard of all that was done by him: and he was perplexed, because that it was said of some, that John was risen from the dead;And of some, that Elias had appeared; and of others, that one of the old prophets was risen again.And Herod said, John have I beheaded: but who is this, of whom I hear such things? And he desired to see him.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER164 Recalling the arrest of John the Baptist

    Pericope PER164 recalls the circumstances of John the Baptist's arrest, as recounted by Matthew (14.3-5) and Mark (6.17-20). John was imprisoned for publicly denouncing the unlawful marriage of Herod Antipas to Herodias, the former wife of his brother. Mark offers a nuanced portrait of Herod, ambivalent and fascinated by John, whereas Matthew stresses his fear of the crowd. It is Herodias who pushes for the prophet's death; he was held at Machaerus in March AD 32.

    Mark 6.17-20 (King James Version) :
    For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for Herodias’ sake, his brother Philip’s wife: for he had married her.For John had said unto Herod, It is not lawful for thee to have thy brother’s wife.Therefore Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have killed him; but she could not:For Herod feared John, knowing that he was a just man and an holy, and observed him; and when he heard him, he did many things, and heard him gladly.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER165 Reminder of the circumstances of the murder of John the Baptist

    Pericope 165 analyzes the circumstances of the murder of John the Baptist according to Matthew (14.6-12) and Mark (6.21-29). In Galilee, in March AD 32, Herod Antipas yields to the manipulation of Herodias through Salome's dance and has the prophet beheaded. The article highlights the parallel between the martyrdom of John and that of Jesus, two messianic figures unjustly condemned and laid in a tomb.

    Mark 6.14-29 (King James Version) :
    And king Herod heard of him; (for his name was spread abroad:) and he said, That John the Baptist was risen from the dead, and therefore mighty works do shew forth themselves in him.Others said, That it is Elias. And others said, That it is a prophet, or as one of the prophets.But when Herod heard thereof, he said, It is John, whom I beheaded: he is risen from the dead.For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for Herodias’ sake, his brother Philip’s wife: for he had married her.For John had said unto Herod, It is not lawful for thee to have thy brother’s wife.Therefore Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have killed him; but she could not:For Herod feared John, knowing that he was a just man and an holy, and observed him; and when he heard him, he did many things, and heard him gladly.And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee;And when the daughter of the said Herodias came in, and danced, and pleased Herod and them that sat with him, the king said unto the damsel, Ask of me whatsoever thou wilt, and I will give it thee.And he sware unto her, Whatsoever thou shalt ask of me, I will give it thee, unto the half of my kingdom.And she went forth, and said unto her mother, What shall I ask? And she said, The head of John the Baptist.And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, saying, I will that thou give me by and by in a charger the head of John the Baptist.And the king was exceeding sorry; yet for his oath’s sake, and for their sakes which sat with him, he would not reject her.And immediately the king sent an executioner, and commanded his head to be brought: and he went and beheaded him in the prison,And brought his head in a charger, and gave it to the damsel: and the damsel gave it to her mother.And when his disciples heard of it, they came and took up his corpse, and laid it in a tomb.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

From the 3rd Passover to the start of the final week

  • PER186 Teaching the disciples about the influence of the Pharisees

    Jesus warns his apostles against the pernicious influence of the Pharisees, symbolized by the “leaven.” Matthew and Mark relate this teaching during a crossing toward Bethsaida, where the disciples have run short of bread. Jesus points out their lack of faith, inviting them to grasp the spiritual import of his words beyond material concerns.

    Matthew 16.5-12 (King James Version) :
    And when his disciples were come to the other side, they had forgotten to take bread.Then Jesus said unto them, Take heed and beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees.And they reasoned among themselves, saying, It is because we have taken no bread.Which when Jesus perceived, he said unto them, O ye of little faith, why reason ye among yourselves, because ye have brought no bread?Do ye not yet understand, neither remember the five loaves of the five thousand, and how many baskets ye took up?Neither the seven loaves of the four thousand, and how many baskets ye took up?How is it that ye do not understand that I spake it not to you concerning bread, that ye should beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees?Then understood they how that he bade them not beware of the leaven of bread, but of the doctrine of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER233 Teachings of the Messiah Jesus on the road to Jerusalem

    The pericope PER233 recounts the teachings of Jesus during his journey to Jerusalem, reported only by Luke (Lk 13.22-33), in December AD 32. Jesus passes through towns and villages, teaching about the narrow gate and the Kingdom of God. The article places these repeated journeys between Bethany and Jerusalem in context, amid growing tension with the Pharisees and Herod Antipas.

    Luke 13.32 (King James Version) :
    And he said unto them, Go ye, and tell that fox, Behold, I cast out devils, and I do cures to day and to morrow, and the third day I shall be perfected.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

The last day up to the crucifixion

  • PER343 Presentation to “king” Antipas

    Jesus is sent by Pilate before Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee, who is in Jerusalem. Fascinated by the spectacular, Herod hopes for a miracle but meets with Jesus’ total silence. Offended, he mocks him, puts a splendid robe on him and sends him back to Pilate. Ironically, this episode reconciles Pilate and Herod. Only Luke reports this appearance (Luke 23.6-12), which took place around 7:30 a.m. on the Friday morning of the Passion.

    John 18.28-38 (King James Version) :
    Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.Pilate then went out unto them, and said, What accusation bring ye against this man?They answered and said unto him, If he were not a malefactor, we would not have delivered him up unto thee.Then said Pilate unto them, Take ye him, and judge him according to your law. The Jews therefore said unto him, It is not lawful for us to put any man to death:That the saying of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spake, signifying what death he should die.Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?Jesus answered him, Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or did others tell it thee of me?Pilate answered, Am I a Jew? Thine own nation and the chief priests have delivered thee unto me: what hast thou done?Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence.Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a king then? Jesus answered, Thou sayest that I am a king. To this end was I born, and for this cause came I into the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. Every one that is of the truth heareth my voice.Pilate saith unto him, What is truth? And when he had said this, he went out again unto the Jews, and saith unto them, I find in him no fault at all.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER344 The return before Pontius Pilate

    Pericope PER344 analyzes Jesus’ return before Pontius Pilate after his appearance before Herod Antipas, an episode reported only by Luke. Pilate, finding no fault deserving death under Roman law, tries to resist the pressure of the Jewish religious leaders. The article offers a precise chronological reconstruction of the morning of the Friday of the Passion and raises the linguistic question of the exchanges between Jesus and Pilate, which were most likely held in Greek.

    Luke 23.1-5 (King James Version) :
    And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate.And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Cæsar, saying that he himself is Christ a King.And Pilate asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answered him and said, Thou sayest it.Then said Pilate to the chief priests and to the people, I find no fault in this man.And they were the more fierce, saying, He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Jewry, beginning from Galilee to this place.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Contradictions

  • CTD016 John the Baptist risen from the dead?

    L'article CTD016 examine la prétendue contradiction entre Matthieu 14.2, Marc 6.14 et Luc 9.7-9 concernant l'opinion d'Hérode Antipas sur Jésus. Luc présente Hérode dans l'incertitude, tandis que Matthieu et Marc rapportent sa déclaration privée assimilant Jésus à Jean le Baptiste ressuscité. L'auteur démontre qu'il n'y a pas de contradiction mais une complémentarité narrative, expliquée par les contraintes éditoriales du premier siècle.

    Mark 6.14 (King James Version) :
    And king Herod heard of him; (for his name was spread abroad:) and he said, That John the Baptist was risen from the dead, and therefore mighty works do shew forth themselves in him.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • CTD035 Did Herod want to kill John the Baptist?

    L'article examine les Évangiles de Matthieu et Marc sur la question de savoir si Hérode Antipas voulait réellement tuer Jean-Baptiste. Chaque évangile présente une perspective différente mais complémentaire: Matthieu décrit le désir de mort d'Hérode tempéré par la peur de la foule, tandis que Marc souligne l'influence d'Hérodiade et la fascination d'Hérode pour Jean. Cette analyse montre un Hérode déchiré entre ses émotions et les pressions externes.

    Mark 6.21-28 (King James Version) :
    And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee;And when the daughter of the said Herodias came in, and danced, and pleased Herod and them that sat with him, the king said unto the damsel, Ask of me whatsoever thou wilt, and I will give it thee.And he sware unto her, Whatsoever thou shalt ask of me, I will give it thee, unto the half of my kingdom.And she went forth, and said unto her mother, What shall I ask? And she said, The head of John the Baptist.And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, saying, I will that thou give me by and by in a charger the head of John the Baptist.And the king was exceeding sorry; yet for his oath’s sake, and for their sakes which sat with him, he would not reject her.And immediately the king sent an executioner, and commanded his head to be brought: and he went and beheaded him in the prison,And brought his head in a charger, and gave it to the damsel: and the damsel gave it to her mother.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Historical notes

  • INF004 The Romans

    Cet article retrace la domination romaine sur Israël de 63 av. J.-C. à 135 apr. J.-C. Il présente les figures clés du pouvoir au temps du ministère de Jésus : Ponce Pilate, Hérode Antipas et Caïphe. Il évoque la destruction du Temple en 70 et la transformation de Jérusalem en Aelia Capitolina sous Hadrien, offrant un contexte historique essentiel pour comprendre les Évangiles.

    Luke 23.12 (King James Version) :
    And the same day Pilate and Herod were made friends together: for before they were at enmity between themselves.
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    Level: Easy Audience: Beginners

Further reading
  • ANN008 The Gospel of Matthew

    L’Évangile selon Matthieu est l’œuvre de l’apôtre, ancien collecteur d’impôts de Capernaüm, désigné par les Douze pour consigner leur témoignage collectif. Il veut montrer…

  • ANN060 The city of Sepphoris

    L'article dissèque le rôle clé de Sépphoris en Galilée, proche de Nazareth, et sa signification culturelle et historique, bien que non mentionnée dans les…

  • ANN071 The town of Capernaum

    L'article explore Capernaüm, ville de Galilée établie sur les rives du Lac de Tibériade, connue pour avoir été le "quartier général" de Jésus après…