The context of Jesus’ birth (Nativity) and childhood 1 study
Biblical prophecies and the ‘end times’ 1 study
Chronology 1 study
The Revelation of Daniel 12 studies
- 4Structure and Organization of the Book of Daniel
- 5Daniel 1 – Faithful in Babylon: living in a foreign world without losing one's identity
- 6Daniel 2 – The God who reveals mysteries and directs history
- 7Daniel 2 – The statue and the kingdoms: when God reveals the meaning of history
- 8Daniel 3 – Faithful even in the furnace
Contradictions 1 study
Historical notes 6 studies
- 17The Code of Hammurabi
- 18The unpronounceable name of God
- 19The Priestly Source
- 20The Tanakh
- 21The Masoretes
Additional Information 1 study
The context of Jesus’ birth (Nativity) and childhood
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CHR004
The exact date of the decree
The study explores the chronology of the life of Jesus through Daniel’s prophecy. It identifies the decree of Artaxerxes as a key starting point and examines the difficulties related to the precision of ancient dates, highlighting the year 458 BC. The article argues that this research is rooted in a divine will, orchestrated by God.
Daniel 9.26 (King James Version) :And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
Biblical prophecies and the ‘end times’
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DAN000
General introduction to the book of Daniel
General introduction to the book of Daniel, a major prophetic text of the Old Testament. This article lays the historical, literary and theological foundations needed to understand this apocalyptic book, addressing its structure, author, main themes and the exegetical debates over its date and reliability.
Daniel 9.24-27 (King James Version) :Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy.Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times.And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
Chronology
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CHR001
The prophet Daniel
The article examines the figure of the prophet Daniel in a series of chronological studies on the life of Jesus. It focuses on Daniel’s prophecy of the seventy weeks and discusses its historical and interpretive implications, while also exploring the context of the reign of King Josiah.
2 Kings 22.18-20 (King James Version) :But to the king of Judah which sent you to enquire of the LORD, thus shall ye say to him, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, As touching the words which thou hast heard;Because thine heart was tender, and thou hast humbled thyself before the LORD, when thou heardest what I spake against this place, and against the inhabitants thereof, that they should become a desolation and a curse, and hast rent thy clothes, and wept before me; I also have heard thee, saith the LORD.Behold therefore, I will gather thee unto thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered into thy grave in peace; and thine eyes shall not see all the evil which I will bring upon this place. And they brought the king word again.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
The Revelation of Daniel
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DAN001
Structure and Organization of the Book of Daniel
The complex, bilingual book of Daniel presents narratives and prophetic visions illustrating the succession of human kingdoms and God's eternal sovereignty. Faithful in exile, Daniel becomes a prophet, revealing major prophecies culminating in deliverance and resurrection.
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DAN002
Daniel 1 – Faithful in Babylon: living in a foreign world without losing one's identity
Daniel 1 shows how Daniel and his friends manage to remain true to their faith in a foreign setting, despite attempts at cultural transformation, through wisdom and faithfulness to God.
Daniel 1.2 (King James Version) :And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God: which he carried into the land of Shinar to the house of his god; and he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
DAN003
Daniel 2 – The God who reveals mysteries and directs history
Daniel 2 reveals God's sovereignty over history. Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, receives an inexplicable dream that the wise men cannot interpret. Through God, Daniel describes a statue representing successive kingdoms. God, rather than empires, rules history. This affirms Daniel's faith and divine power.
Daniel 2.27-28 (King James Version) :Daniel answered in the presence of the king, and said, The secret which the king hath demanded cannot the wise men, the astrologers, the magicians, the soothsayers, shew unto the king;But there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these;King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
DAN004
Daniel 2 – The statue and the kingdoms: when God reveals the meaning of history
This article analyses Nebuchadnezzar's dream described in Daniel 2, in which a multicoloured statue projects an image of future empires. The importance of this vision lies in the final emergence of God's eternal Kingdom, surpassing earthly kingdoms.
Daniel 2.38 (King James Version) :And wheresoever the children of men dwell, the beasts of the field and the fowls of the heaven hath he given into thine hand, and hath made thee ruler over them all. Thou art this head of gold.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
DAN005
Daniel 3 – Faithful even in the furnace
Three Judeans refuse to worship a golden statue during Nebuchadnezzar's reign, risking their lives out of faithfulness to God. Thrown into a furnace, they are miraculously protected by an angel. This account illustrates the conflict between human authority and faithfulness to God.
Daniel 3.12 (King James Version) :There are certain Jews whom thou hast set over the affairs of the province of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; these men, O king, have not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
DAN006
Nebuchadnezzar humbled: the king's pride before God's sovereignty
The article recounts how King Nebuchadnezzar's pride is confronted with divine sovereignty through a dream of an immense tree being cut down. Daniel interprets this dream as a divine warning against the king's arrogance and urges him to repent. After a period symbolized by 'seven times', Nebuchadnezzar acknowledges God's supremacy, regains his sanity, and restores his kingdom.
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DAN007
Daniel 5 – Belshazzar's feast: when Babylon is weighed and judged
Daniel 5 tells of the fall of Babylon under the reign of Belshazzar, who desecrates the sacred vessels. A mysterious inscription, interpreted by Daniel, predicts the end of the kingdom. God judges human powers, illustrating Belshazzar's arrogance.
Daniel 5.1-30 (King James Version) :Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.Notefather: or, grandfatherNotetaken: Chaldee, brought forthBelshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem; that the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein.Then they brought the golden vessels that were taken out of the temple of the house of God which was at Jerusalem; and the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, drank in them.They drank wine, and praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone.In the same hour came forth fingers of a man’s hand, and wrote over against the candlestick upon the plaister of the wall of the king’s palace: and the king saw the part of the hand that wrote.Notecountenance: Chaldee, brightnessesNotewas changed: Chaldee, changed itNotejoints: or, girdles: Chaldee, bindings, or, knotsNotealoud: Chaldee, with mightNotescarlet: or, purpleNotecountenance: Chaldee, brightnessesThen the king’s countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled him, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees smote one against another.The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers. And the king spake, and said to the wise men of Babylon, Whosoever shall read this writing, and shew me the interpretation thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about his neck, and shall be the third ruler in the kingdom.Then came in all the king’s wise men: but they could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof.Then was king Belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were astonied.Now the queen, by reason of the words of the king and his lords, came into the banquet house: and the queen spake and said, O king, live for ever: let not thy thoughts trouble thee, nor let thy countenance be changed:Notefather: or, grandfatherNoteinterpreting: or, of an interpreterNotedissolving: or, of a dissolverNotedoubts: Chaldee, knotsNotefather: or, grandfatherNotemake interpretations: Chaldee, interpret, etcThere is a man in thy kingdom, in whom is the spirit of the holy gods; and in the days of thy father light and understanding and wisdom, like the wisdom of the gods, was found in him; whom the king Nebuchadnezzar thy father, the king, I say, thy father, made master of the magicians, astrologers, Chaldeans, and soothsayers;Forasmuch as an excellent spirit, and knowledge, and understanding, interpreting of dreams, and shewing of hard sentences, and dissolving of doubts, were found in the same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar: now let Daniel be called, and he will shew the interpretation.Then was Daniel brought in before the king. And the king spake and said unto Daniel, Art thou that Daniel, which art of the children of the captivity of Judah, whom the king my father brought out of Jewry?I have even heard of thee, that the spirit of the gods is in thee, and that light and understanding and excellent wisdom is found in thee.And now the wise men, the astrologers, have been brought in before me, that they should read this writing, and make known unto me the interpretation thereof: but they could not shew the interpretation of the thing:And I have heard of thee, that thou canst make interpretations, and dissolve doubts: now if thou canst read the writing, and make known to me the interpretation thereof, thou shalt be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about thy neck, and shalt be the third ruler in the kingdom.Then Daniel answered and said before the king, Let thy gifts be to thyself, and give thy rewards to another; yet I will read the writing unto the king, and make known to him the interpretation.Noterewards: or, feeNotein pride: or, to deal proudlyNotedeposed: Chaldee, made to come downNotehis heart…: or, he made his heart equal, etcO thou king, the most high God gave Nebuchadnezzar thy father a kingdom, and majesty, and glory, and honour:And for the majesty that he gave him, all people, nations, and languages, trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew; and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he set up; and whom he would he put down.But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, he was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him:And he was driven from the sons of men; and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses: they fed him with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; till he knew that the most high God ruled in the kingdom of men, and that he appointeth over it whomsoever he will.And thou his son, O Belshazzar, hast not humbled thine heart, though thou knewest all this;But hast lifted up thyself against the Lord of heaven; and they have brought the vessels of his house before thee, and thou, and thy lords, thy wives, and thy concubines, have drunk wine in them; and thou hast praised the gods of silver, and gold, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, which see not, nor hear, nor know: and the God in whose hand thy breath is, and whose are all thy ways, hast thou not glorified:Then was the part of the hand sent from him; and this writing was written.And this is the writing that was written, MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN.This is the interpretation of the thing: MENE; God hath numbered thy kingdom, and finished it.TEKEL; Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting.PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.Then commanded Belshazzar, and they clothed Daniel with scarlet, and put a chain of gold about his neck, and made a proclamation concerning him, that he should be the third ruler in the kingdom.In that night was Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans slain.Notebeing…: Chaldee, he as the son of, etcNoteabout: or, nowKing James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
DAN008
Daniel 6 – Daniel in the lions' den: staying faithful when faith becomes dangerous
Daniel 6 tells how Daniel, despite a decree forbidding any worship other than of the king, continues to pray to God. Jealous of his position, his adversaries use the decree to trap him. Thrown into the lions' den, Daniel is miraculously protected by God. His unshakable faith leads Darius to acknowledge the eternal power of God.
Daniel 6.9 (King James Version) :Wherefore king Darius signed the writing and the decree.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
DAN009
Daniel 7 – The four beasts and the kingdom of the Son of Man
Daniel 7 details a key prophetic vision using four beasts to symbolise kingdoms: Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece and Rome. The text illustrates the temporary nature of human powers in comparison with God's eternal reign, entrusted to 'one like a son of man'.
Revelation 13 (King James Version) :And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy.And the beast which I saw was like unto a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion: and the dragon gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority.And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the beast.And they worshipped the dragon which gave power unto the beast: and they worshipped the beast, saying, Who is like unto the beast? who is able to make war with him?And there was given unto him a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies; and power was given unto him to continue forty and two months.And he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme his name, and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in heaven.And it was given unto him to make war with the saints, and to overcome them: and power was given him over all kindreds, and tongues, and nations.And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world.If any man have an ear, let him hear.He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity: he that killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword. Here is the patience and the faith of the saints.And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he had two horns like a lamb, and he spake as a dragon.And he exerciseth all the power of the first beast before him, and causeth the earth and them which dwell therein to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed.And he doeth great wonders, so that he maketh fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men,And deceiveth them that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power to do in the sight of the beast; saying to them that dwell on the earth, that they should make an image to the beast, which had the wound by a sword, and did live.And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed.And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads:And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
DAN010
Daniel 8 – The ram, the goat and the little horn
Daniel 8 prophesies the transition of the empires from Babylon to Greece, with the persecuting rise of Antiochus IV. This vision illustrates the coming of divine authority after the restoration of the Temple in Jerusalem by Judas Maccabeus.
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DAN011
Daniel 9 – The seventy weeks: from Daniel's prayer to messianic hope
Daniel 9 begins with a prayer and ends with the prophecy of the seventy weeks. Daniel discovers that the exile of Jerusalem is drawing to an end, then receives from the angel Gabriel the vision of a larger period, symbolized by 490 years leading to the messianic era. His prayer emphasizes the confession of Israel's sin and the pursuit of divine mercy. The first 69 weeks lead to the ministry of John the Baptist, with the last weeks anticipating an eschatological horizon.
Ezra 7 (King James Version) :Now after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia, Ezra the son of Seraiah, the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah,Notebegan…: Heb. was the foundation of the going upThe son of Shallum, the son of Zadok, the son of Ahitub,The son of Amariah, the son of Azariah, the son of Meraioth,The son of Zerahiah, the son of Uzzi, the son of Bukki,The son of Abishua, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the chief priest:This Ezra went up from Babylon; and he was a ready scribe in the law of Moses, which the LORD God of Israel had given: and the king granted him all his request, according to the hand of the LORD his God upon him.And there went up some of the children of Israel, and of the priests, and the Levites, and the singers, and the porters, and the Nethinims, unto Jerusalem, in the seventh year of Artaxerxes the king.And he came to Jerusalem in the fifth month, which was in the seventh year of the king.For upon the first day of the first month began he to go up from Babylon, and on the first day of the fifth month came he to Jerusalem, according to the good hand of his God upon him.For Ezra had prepared his heart to seek the law of the LORD, and to do it, and to teach in Israel statutes and judgments.Now this is the copy of the letter that the king Artaxerxes gave unto Ezra the priest, the scribe, even a scribe of the words of the commandments of the LORD, and of his statutes to Israel.Noteunto…: or, to Ezra the priest, a perfect scribe of the law of the God of heaven, peace, etcNoteof the king: Chaldee, from before the kingNotemeasures: Chaldee, corsNoteWhatsoever…: Chaldee, Whatsoever is of the decreeNoteto banishment: Chaldee, to rooting outArtaxerxes, king of kings, unto Ezra the priest, a scribe of the law of the God of heaven, perfect peace, and at such a time.I make a decree, that all they of the people of Israel, and of his priests and Levites, in my realm, which are minded of their own freewill to go up to Jerusalem, go with thee.Forasmuch as thou art sent of the king, and of his seven counsellors, to enquire concerning Judah and Jerusalem, according to the law of thy God which is in thine hand;And to carry the silver and gold, which the king and his counsellors have freely offered unto the God of Israel, whose habitation is in Jerusalem,And all the silver and gold that thou canst find in all the province of Babylon, with the freewill offering of the people, and of the priests, offering willingly for the house of their God which is in Jerusalem:That thou mayest buy speedily with this money bullocks, rams, lambs, with their meat offerings and their drink offerings, and offer them upon the altar of the house of your God which is in Jerusalem.And whatsoever shall seem good to thee, and to thy brethren, to do with the rest of the silver and the gold, that do after the will of your God.The vessels also that are given thee for the service of the house of thy God, those deliver thou before the God of Jerusalem.And whatsoever more shall be needful for the house of thy God, which thou shalt have occasion to bestow, bestow it out of the king’s treasure house.And I, even I Artaxerxes the king, do make a decree to all the treasurers which are beyond the river, that whatsoever Ezra the priest, the scribe of the law of the God of heaven, shall require of you, it be done speedily,Unto an hundred talents of silver, and to an hundred measures of wheat, and to an hundred baths of wine, and to an hundred baths of oil, and salt without prescribing how much.Whatsoever is commanded by the God of heaven, let it be diligently done for the house of the God of heaven: for why should there be wrath against the realm of the king and his sons?Also we certify you, that touching any of the priests and Levites, singers, porters, Nethinims, or ministers of this house of God, it shall not be lawful to impose toll, tribute, or custom, upon them.And thou, Ezra, after the wisdom of thy God, that is in thine hand, set magistrates and judges, which may judge all the people that are beyond the river, all such as know the laws of thy God; and teach ye them that know them not.And whosoever will not do the law of thy God, and the law of the king, let judgment be executed speedily upon him, whether it be unto death, or to banishment, or to confiscation of goods, or to imprisonment.Blessed be the LORD God of our fathers, which hath put such a thing as this in the king’s heart, to beautify the house of the LORD which is in Jerusalem:And hath extended mercy unto me before the king, and his counsellors, and before all the king’s mighty princes. And I was strengthened as the hand of the LORD my God was upon me, and I gathered together out of Israel chief men to go up with me.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
DAN012
Daniel 10 – Behind visible history, the invisible battle
Daniel 10 reveals an invisible conflict between spiritual powers. Daniel prays for three weeks with no apparent answer. A heavenly figure explains to him that he was hindered by the prince of Persia, but helped by Michael, a heavenly chief. This highlights the need for persistent prayer and the reality of a hidden spiritual battle, while affirming that the future is in God's hands.
Ezra 1.1-4 (King James Version) :Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,Notemade…: Heb. caused a voice to passNotehelp…: Heb. lift him upThus saith Cyrus king of Persia, The LORD God of heaven hath given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he hath charged me to build him an house at Jerusalem, which is in Judah.Who is there among you of all his people? his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of the LORD God of Israel, (he is the God,) which is in Jerusalem.And whosoever remaineth in any place where he sojourneth, let the men of his place help him with silver, and with gold, and with goods, and with beasts, beside the freewill offering for the house of God that is in Jerusalem.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
Contradictions
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CTD007
The exact number of generations in Matthew?
The article examines the apparent discrepancy between thirteen and fourteen generations announced in Matthew 1.17, resolved by including Mary in the genealogy. This reflects a theological intention in which the Messiah is not fathered by a man but conceived by the Holy Spirit, thus restoring the coherence of Scripture.
Matthew 1.17 (King James Version) :So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations; and from David until the carrying away into Babylon are fourteen generations; and from the carrying away into Babylon unto Christ are fourteen generations.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
Historical notes
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INF008
The Code of Hammurabi
The Code of Hammurabi allowed a barren woman to offer her servant to her husband to secure descendants, the child being recognized as legitimate. This practice, widespread in the ancient Near East, was not prescribed in the Law of Moses. It sheds light on Sarah's gesture in offering Hagar to Abraham, an act that was culturally acceptable but contrary to the specific divine promise made to Abraham concerning his descendants.
Genesis 29.31 (King James Version) :And when the LORD saw that Leah was hated, he opened her womb: but Rachel was barren.NoteReuben: that is, See a sonNoteSimeon: that is, HearingNoteLevi: that is, JoinedNoteJudah: that is, PraiseNoteleft…: Heb. stood from bearingKing James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
INF010
The unpronounceable name of God
YHWH, God's proper name in the Hebrew Bible, consists of four Hebrew consonants (the Tetragrammaton). Its exact pronunciation is unknown because ancient Hebrew does not write vowels. Out of respect for the third commandment (Ex 20:7), Jews replace it with 'Adonai' or 'Ha Elohim'. Translated as 'Kyrios' in Greek and then as 'the Eternal' in Protestant Bibles, this name appears nearly 6,800 times in the Old Testament.
Exodus 20.7 (King James Version) :Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
INF044
The Priestly Source
The Priestly source (P) is one of the four hypothetical sources of the Torah according to the documentary hypothesis. Characterized by a formal and repetitive style, it emphasizes rituals, purity laws, genealogies and cultic ceremonies. It presents God as transcendent and majestic. Dated to the Babylonian exile or the post-exilic period (6th-5th century BC), it is thought to have been written by priests of the Temple in Jerusalem. Its validity remains debated among contemporary scholars.
Numbers 1-10 (King James Version) :And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tabernacle of the congregation, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying,Take ye the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, after their families, by the house of their fathers, with the number of their names, every male by their polls;From twenty years old and upward, all that are able to go forth to war in Israel: thou and Aaron shall number them by their armies.And with you there shall be a man of every tribe; every one head of the house of his fathers.And these are the names of the men that shall stand with you: of the tribe of Reuben; Elizur the son of Shedeur.NoteDeuel: also called, ReuelOf Simeon; Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.Of Judah; Nahshon the son of Amminadab.Of Issachar; Nethaneel the son of Zuar.Of Zebulun; Eliab the son of Helon.Of the children of Joseph: of Ephraim; Elishama the son of Ammihud: of Manasseh; Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.Of Benjamin; Abidan the son of Gideoni.Of Dan; Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.Of Asher; Pagiel the son of Ocran.Of Gad; Eliasaph the son of Deuel.Of Naphtali; Ahira the son of Enan.These were the renowned of the congregation, princes of the tribes of their fathers, heads of thousands in Israel.And Moses and Aaron took these men which are expressed by their names:And they assembled all the congregation together on the first day of the second month, and they declared their pedigrees after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, by their polls.As the LORD commanded Moses, so he numbered them in the wilderness of Sinai.And the children of Reuben, Israel’s eldest son, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Reuben, were forty and six thousand and five hundred.Of the children of Simeon, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, those that were numbered of them, according to the number of the names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Simeon, were fifty and nine thousand and three hundred.Of the children of Gad, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Gad, were forty and five thousand six hundred and fifty.Of the children of Judah, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Judah, were threescore and fourteen thousand and six hundred.Of the children of Issachar, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Issachar, were fifty and four thousand and four hundred.Of the children of Zebulun, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Zebulun, were fifty and seven thousand and four hundred.Of the children of Joseph, namely, of the children of Ephraim, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Ephraim, were forty thousand and five hundred.Of the children of Manasseh, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Manasseh, were thirty and two thousand and two hundred.Of the children of Benjamin, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Benjamin, were thirty and five thousand and four hundred.Of the children of Dan, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Dan, were threescore and two thousand and seven hundred.Of the children of Asher, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Asher, were forty and one thousand and five hundred.Of the children of Naphtali, throughout their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Naphtali, were fifty and three thousand and four hundred.These are those that were numbered, which Moses and Aaron numbered, and the princes of Israel, being twelve men: each one was for the house of his fathers.So were all those that were numbered of the children of Israel, by the house of their fathers, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war in Israel;Even all they that were numbered were six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty.But the Levites after the tribe of their fathers were not numbered among them.For the LORD had spoken unto Moses, saying,Only thou shalt not number the tribe of Levi, neither take the sum of them among the children of Israel:But thou shalt appoint the Levites over the tabernacle of testimony, and over all the vessels thereof, and over all things that belong to it: they shall bear the tabernacle, and all the vessels thereof; and they shall minister unto it, and shall encamp round about the tabernacle.And when the tabernacle setteth forward, the Levites shall take it down: and when the tabernacle is to be pitched, the Levites shall set it up: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.And the children of Israel shall pitch their tents, every man by his own camp, and every man by his own standard, throughout their hosts.But the Levites shall pitch round about the tabernacle of testimony, that there be no wrath upon the congregation of the children of Israel: and the Levites shall keep the charge of the tabernacle of testimony.And the children of Israel did according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so did they.And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying,Notefar…: Heb. over againstEvery man of the children of Israel shall pitch by his own standard, with the ensign of their father’s house: far off about the tabernacle of the congregation shall they pitch.And on the east side toward the rising of the sun shall they of the standard of the camp of Judah pitch throughout their armies: and Nahshon the son of Amminadab shall be captain of the children of Judah.And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were threescore and fourteen thousand and six hundred.And those that do pitch next unto him shall be the tribe of Issachar: and Nethaneel the son of Zuar shall be captain of the children of Issachar.And his host, and those that were numbered thereof, were fifty and four thousand and four hundred.Then the tribe of Zebulun: and Eliab the son of Helon shall be captain of the children of Zebulun.And his host, and those that were numbered thereof, were fifty and seven thousand and four hundred.All that were numbered in the camp of Judah were an hundred thousand and fourscore thousand and six thousand and four hundred, throughout their armies. These shall first set forth.On the south side shall be the standard of the camp of Reuben according to their armies: and the captain of the children of Reuben shall be Elizur the son of Shedeur.NoteReuel: also called, DeuelAnd his host, and those that were numbered thereof, were forty and six thousand and five hundred.And those which pitch by him shall be the tribe of Simeon: and the captain of the children of Simeon shall be Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were fifty and nine thousand and three hundred.Then the tribe of Gad: and the captain of the sons of Gad shall be Eliasaph the son of Reuel.And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were forty and five thousand and six hundred and fifty.All that were numbered in the camp of Reuben were an hundred thousand and fifty and one thousand and four hundred and fifty, throughout their armies. And they shall set forth in the second rank.Then the tabernacle of the congregation shall set forward with the camp of the Levites in the midst of the camp: as they encamp, so shall they set forward, every man in his place by their standards.On the west side shall be the standard of the camp of Ephraim according to their armies: and the captain of the sons of Ephraim shall be Elishama the son of Ammihud.And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were forty thousand and five hundred.And by him shall be the tribe of Manasseh: and the captain of the children of Manasseh shall be Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were thirty and two thousand and two hundred.Then the tribe of Benjamin: and the captain of the sons of Benjamin shall be Abidan the son of Gideoni.And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were thirty and five thousand and four hundred.All that were numbered of the camp of Ephraim were an hundred thousand and eight thousand and an hundred, throughout their armies. And they shall go forward in the third rank.The standard of the camp of Dan shall be on the north side by their armies: and the captain of the children of Dan shall be Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were threescore and two thousand and seven hundred.And those that encamp by him shall be the tribe of Asher: and the captain of the children of Asher shall be Pagiel the son of Ocran.And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were forty and one thousand and five hundred.Then the tribe of Naphtali: and the captain of the children of Naphtali shall be Ahira the son of Enan.And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were fifty and three thousand and four hundred.All they that were numbered in the camp of Dan were an hundred thousand and fifty and seven thousand and six hundred. They shall go hindmost with their standards.These are those which were numbered of the children of Israel by the house of their fathers: all those that were numbered of the camps throughout their hosts were six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty.But the Levites were not numbered among the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses.And the children of Israel did according to all that the LORD commanded Moses: so they pitched by their standards, and so they set forward, every one after their families, according to the house of their fathers.These also are the generations of Aaron and Moses in the day that the LORD spake with Moses in mount Sinai.Notewhom…: Heb. whose hand he filledAnd these are the names of the sons of Aaron; Nadab the firstborn, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests which were anointed, whom he consecrated to minister in the priest’s office.And Nadab and Abihu died before the LORD, when they offered strange fire before the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children: and Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest’s office in the sight of Aaron their father.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Bring the tribe of Levi near, and present them before Aaron the priest, that they may minister unto him.And they shall keep his charge, and the charge of the whole congregation before the tabernacle of the congregation, to do the service of the tabernacle.And they shall keep all the instruments of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the charge of the children of Israel, to do the service of the tabernacle.And thou shalt give the Levites unto Aaron and to his sons: they are wholly given unto him out of the children of Israel.And thou shalt appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall wait on their priest’s office: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,And I, behold, I have taken the Levites from among the children of Israel instead of all the firstborn that openeth the matrix among the children of Israel: therefore the Levites shall be mine;Because all the firstborn are mine; for on the day that I smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt I hallowed unto me all the firstborn in Israel, both man and beast: mine shall they be: I am the LORD.And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying,Noteword: Heb. mouthNumber the children of Levi after the house of their fathers, by their families: every male from a month old and upward shalt thou number them.And Moses numbered them according to the word of the LORD, as he was commanded.And these were the sons of Levi by their names; Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari.And these are the names of the sons of Gershon by their families; Libni, and Shimei.And the sons of Kohath by their families; Amram, and Izehar, Hebron, and Uzziel.And the sons of Merari by their families; Mahli, and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites according to the house of their fathers.Of Gershon was the family of the Libnites, and the family of the Shimites: these are the families of the Gershonites.Those that were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, even those that were numbered of them were seven thousand and five hundred.The families of the Gershonites shall pitch behind the tabernacle westward.And the chief of the house of the father of the Gershonites shall be Eliasaph the son of Lael.And the charge of the sons of Gershon in the tabernacle of the congregation shall be the tabernacle, and the tent, the covering thereof, and the hanging for the door of the tabernacle of the congregation,And the hangings of the court, and the curtain for the door of the court, which is by the tabernacle, and by the altar round about, and the cords of it for all the service thereof.And of Kohath was the family of the Amramites, and the family of the Izeharites, and the family of the Hebronites, and the family of the Uzzielites: these are the families of the Kohathites.In the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, were eight thousand and six hundred, keeping the charge of the sanctuary.The families of the sons of Kohath shall pitch on the side of the tabernacle southward.And the chief of the house of the father of the families of the Kohathites shall be Elizaphan the son of Uzziel.And their charge shall be the ark, and the table, and the candlestick, and the altars, and the vessels of the sanctuary wherewith they minister, and the hanging, and all the service thereof.And Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be chief over the chief of the Levites, and have the oversight of them that keep the charge of the sanctuary.Of Merari was the family of the Mahlites, and the family of the Mushites: these are the families of Merari.Noteunder…: Heb. the office of the chargeAnd those that were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, were six thousand and two hundred.And the chief of the house of the father of the families of Merari was Zuriel the son of Abihail: these shall pitch on the side of the tabernacle northward.And under the custody and charge of the sons of Merari shall be the boards of the tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the pillars thereof, and the sockets thereof, and all the vessels thereof, and all that serveth thereto,And the pillars of the court round about, and their sockets, and their pins, and their cords.But those that encamp before the tabernacle toward the east, even before the tabernacle of the congregation eastward, shall be Moses, and Aaron and his sons, keeping the charge of the sanctuary for the charge of the children of Israel; and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.All that were numbered of the Levites, which Moses and Aaron numbered at the commandment of the LORD, throughout their families, all the males from a month old and upward, were twenty and two thousand.And the LORD said unto Moses, Number all the firstborn of the males of the children of Israel from a month old and upward, and take the number of their names.And thou shalt take the Levites for me (I am the LORD) instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel; and the cattle of the Levites instead of all the firstlings among the cattle of the children of Israel.And Moses numbered, as the LORD commanded him, all the firstborn among the children of Israel.And all the firstborn males by the number of names, from a month old and upward, of those that were numbered of them, were twenty and two thousand two hundred and threescore and thirteen.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Take the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle; and the Levites shall be mine: I am the LORD.And for those that are to be redeemed of the two hundred and threescore and thirteen of the firstborn of the children of Israel, which are more than the Levites;Thou shalt even take five shekels apiece by the poll, after the shekel of the sanctuary shalt thou take them: (the shekel is twenty gerahs:)And thou shalt give the money, wherewith the odd number of them is to be redeemed, unto Aaron and to his sons.And Moses took the redemption money of them that were over and above them that were redeemed by the Levites:Of the firstborn of the children of Israel took he the money; a thousand three hundred and threescore and five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary:And Moses gave the money of them that were redeemed unto Aaron and to his sons, according to the word of the LORD, as the LORD commanded Moses.And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying,Take the sum of the sons of Kohath from among the sons of Levi, after their families, by the house of their fathers,From thirty years old and upward even until fifty years old, all that enter into the host, to do the work in the tabernacle of the congregation.This shall be the service of the sons of Kohath in the tabernacle of the congregation, about the most holy things:And when the camp setteth forward, Aaron shall come, and his sons, and they shall take down the covering vail, and cover the ark of testimony with it:Notecover…: or, pour out withalNotebasons: or, bowlsAnd shall put thereon the covering of badgers’ skins, and shall spread over it a cloth wholly of blue, and shall put in the staves thereof.And upon the table of shewbread they shall spread a cloth of blue, and put thereon the dishes, and the spoons, and the bowls, and covers to cover withal: and the continual bread shall be thereon:And they shall spread upon them a cloth of scarlet, and cover the same with a covering of badgers’ skins, and shall put in the staves thereof.And they shall take a cloth of blue, and cover the candlestick of the light, and his lamps, and his tongs, and his snuffdishes, and all the oil vessels thereof, wherewith they minister unto it:And they shall put it and all the vessels thereof within a covering of badgers’ skins, and shall put it upon a bar.And upon the golden altar they shall spread a cloth of blue, and cover it with a covering of badgers’ skins, and shall put to the staves thereof:And they shall take all the instruments of ministry, wherewith they minister in the sanctuary, and put them in a cloth of blue, and cover them with a covering of badgers’ skins, and shall put them on a bar:And they shall take away the ashes from the altar, and spread a purple cloth thereon:And they shall put upon it all the vessels thereof, wherewith they minister about it, even the censers, the fleshhooks, and the shovels, and the basons, all the vessels of the altar; and they shall spread upon it a covering of badgers’ skins, and put to the staves of it.And when Aaron and his sons have made an end of covering the sanctuary, and all the vessels of the sanctuary, as the camp is to set forward; after that, the sons of Kohath shall come to bear it: but they shall not touch any holy thing, lest they die. These things are the burden of the sons of Kohath in the tabernacle of the congregation.And to the office of Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest pertaineth the oil for the light, and the sweet incense, and the daily meat offering, and the anointing oil, and the oversight of all the tabernacle, and of all that therein is, in the sanctuary, and in the vessels thereof.And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying,Cut ye not off the tribe of the families of the Kohathites from among the Levites:But thus do unto them, that they may live, and not die, when they approach unto the most holy things: Aaron and his sons shall go in, and appoint them every one to his service and to his burden:But they shall not go in to see when the holy things are covered, lest they die.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Noteto perform…: Heb. to war the warfareNoteburdens: or, carriageNoteappointment: Heb. mouthTake also the sum of the sons of Gershon, throughout the houses of their fathers, by their families;From thirty years old and upward until fifty years old shalt thou number them; all that enter in to perform the service, to do the work in the tabernacle of the congregation.This is the service of the families of the Gershonites, to serve, and for burdens:And they shall bear the curtains of the tabernacle, and the tabernacle of the congregation, his covering, and the covering of the badgers’ skins that is above upon it, and the hanging for the door of the tabernacle of the congregation,And the hangings of the court, and the hanging for the door of the gate of the court, which is by the tabernacle and by the altar round about, and their cords, and all the instruments of their service, and all that is made for them: so shall they serve.At the appointment of Aaron and his sons shall be all the service of the sons of the Gershonites, in all their burdens, and in all their service: and ye shall appoint unto them in charge all their burdens.This is the service of the families of the sons of Gershon in the tabernacle of the congregation: and their charge shall be under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.As for the sons of Merari, thou shalt number them after their families, by the house of their fathers;Noteservice: Heb. warfareFrom thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old shalt thou number them, every one that entereth into the service, to do the work of the tabernacle of the congregation.And this is the charge of their burden, according to all their service in the tabernacle of the congregation; the boards of the tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the pillars thereof, and sockets thereof,And the pillars of the court round about, and their sockets, and their pins, and their cords, with all their instruments, and with all their service: and by name ye shall reckon the instruments of the charge of their burden.This is the service of the families of the sons of Merari, according to all their service, in the tabernacle of the congregation, under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.And Moses and Aaron and the chief of the congregation numbered the sons of the Kohathites after their families, and after the house of their fathers,From thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entereth into the service, for the work in the tabernacle of the congregation:And those that were numbered of them by their families were two thousand seven hundred and fifty.These were they that were numbered of the families of the Kohathites, all that might do service in the tabernacle of the congregation, which Moses and Aaron did number according to the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses.And those that were numbered of the sons of Gershon, throughout their families, and by the house of their fathers,From thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entereth into the service, for the work in the tabernacle of the congregation,Even those that were numbered of them, throughout their families, by the house of their fathers, were two thousand and six hundred and thirty.These are they that were numbered of the families of the sons of Gershon, of all that might do service in the tabernacle of the congregation, whom Moses and Aaron did number according to the commandment of the LORD.And those that were numbered of the families of the sons of Merari, throughout their families, by the house of their fathers,From thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entereth into the service, for the work in the tabernacle of the congregation,Even those that were numbered of them after their families, were three thousand and two hundred.These be those that were numbered of the families of the sons of Merari, whom Moses and Aaron numbered according to the word of the LORD by the hand of Moses.All those that were numbered of the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron and the chief of Israel numbered, after their families, and after the house of their fathers,From thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that came to do the service of the ministry, and the service of the burden in the tabernacle of the congregation,Even those that were numbered of them, were eight thousand and five hundred and fourscore.According to the commandment of the LORD they were numbered by the hand of Moses, every one according to his service, and according to his burden: thus were they numbered of him, as the LORD commanded Moses.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Command the children of Israel, that they put out of the camp every leper, and every one that hath an issue, and whosoever is defiled by the dead:Both male and female shall ye put out, without the camp shall ye put them; that they defile not their camps, in the midst whereof I dwell.And the children of Israel did so, and put them out without the camp: as the LORD spake unto Moses, so did the children of Israel.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Noteoffering: or, heave offeringSpeak unto the children of Israel, When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to do a trespass against the LORD, and that person be guilty;Then they shall confess their sin which they have done: and he shall recompense his trespass with the principal thereof, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him against whom he hath trespassed.But if the man have no kinsman to recompense the trespass unto, let the trespass be recompensed unto the LORD, even to the priest; beside the ram of the atonement, whereby an atonement shall be made for him.And every offering of all the holy things of the children of Israel, which they bring unto the priest, shall be his.And every man’s hallowed things shall be his: whatsoever any man giveth the priest, it shall be his.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Notewith another…: or, being in the power of thy husband: Heb. under thy husbandNoterot: Heb. fallSpeak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man’s wife go aside, and commit a trespass against him,And a man lie with her carnally, and it be hid from the eyes of her husband, and be kept close, and she be defiled, and there be no witness against her, neither she be taken with the manner;And the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be defiled: or if the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be not defiled:Then shall the man bring his wife unto the priest, and he shall bring her offering for her, the tenth part of an ephah of barley meal; he shall pour no oil upon it, nor put frankincense thereon; for it is an offering of jealousy, an offering of memorial, bringing iniquity to remembrance.And the priest shall bring her near, and set her before the LORD:And the priest shall take holy water in an earthen vessel; and of the dust that is in the floor of the tabernacle the priest shall take, and put it into the water:And the priest shall set the woman before the LORD, and uncover the woman’s head, and put the offering of memorial in her hands, which is the jealousy offering: and the priest shall have in his hand the bitter water that causeth the curse:And the priest shall charge her by an oath, and say unto the woman, If no man have lain with thee, and if thou hast not gone aside to uncleanness with another instead of thy husband, be thou free from this bitter water that causeth the curse:But if thou hast gone aside to another instead of thy husband, and if thou be defiled, and some man have lain with thee beside thine husband:Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say unto the woman, The LORD make thee a curse and an oath among thy people, when the LORD doth make thy thigh to rot, and thy belly to swell;And this water that causeth the curse shall go into thy bowels, to make thy belly to swell, and thy thigh to rot: And the woman shall say, Amen, amen.And the priest shall write these curses in a book, and he shall blot them out with the bitter water:And he shall cause the woman to drink the bitter water that causeth the curse: and the water that causeth the curse shall enter into her, and become bitter.Then the priest shall take the jealousy offering out of the woman’s hand, and shall wave the offering before the LORD, and offer it upon the altar:And the priest shall take an handful of the offering, even the memorial thereof, and burn it upon the altar, and afterward shall cause the woman to drink the water.And when he hath made her to drink the water, then it shall come to pass, that, if she be defiled, and have done trespass against her husband, that the water that causeth the curse shall enter into her, and become bitter, and her belly shall swell, and her thigh shall rot: and the woman shall be a curse among her people.And if the woman be not defiled, but be clean; then she shall be free, and shall conceive seed.This is the law of jealousies, when a wife goeth aside to another instead of her husband, and is defiled;Or when the spirit of jealousy cometh upon him, and he be jealous over his wife, and shall set the woman before the LORD, and the priest shall execute upon her all this law.Then shall the man be guiltless from iniquity, and this woman shall bear her iniquity.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Noteto separate…: or, to make themselves NazaritesNoteseparation: or, NazariteshipNotevine…: Heb. vine of the wineNoteconsecration: Heb. separationNotebe lost: Heb. fallSpeak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When either man or woman shall separate themselves to vow a vow of a Nazarite, to separate themselves unto the LORD:He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried.All the days of his separation shall he eat nothing that is made of the vine tree, from the kernels even to the husk.All the days of the vow of his separation there shall no razor come upon his head: until the days be fulfilled, in the which he separateth himself unto the LORD, he shall be holy, and shall let the locks of the hair of his head grow.All the days that he separateth himself unto the LORD he shall come at no dead body.He shall not make himself unclean for his father, or for his mother, for his brother, or for his sister, when they die: because the consecration of his God is upon his head.All the days of his separation he is holy unto the LORD.And if any man die very suddenly by him, and he hath defiled the head of his consecration; then he shall shave his head in the day of his cleansing, on the seventh day shall he shave it.And on the eighth day he shall bring two turtles, or two young pigeons, to the priest, to the door of the tabernacle of the congregation:And the priest shall offer the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering, and make an atonement for him, for that he sinned by the dead, and shall hallow his head that same day.And he shall consecrate unto the LORD the days of his separation, and shall bring a lamb of the first year for a trespass offering: but the days that were before shall be lost, because his separation was defiled.And this is the law of the Nazarite, when the days of his separation are fulfilled: he shall be brought unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation:And he shall offer his offering unto the LORD, one he lamb of the first year without blemish for a burnt offering, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish for a sin offering, and one ram without blemish for peace offerings,And a basket of unleavened bread, cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, and wafers of unleavened bread anointed with oil, and their meat offering, and their drink offerings.And the priest shall bring them before the LORD, and shall offer his sin offering, and his burnt offering:And he shall offer the ram for a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD, with the basket of unleavened bread: the priest shall offer also his meat offering, and his drink offering.And the Nazarite shall shave the head of his separation at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall take the hair of the head of his separation, and put it in the fire which is under the sacrifice of the peace offerings.And the priest shall take the sodden shoulder of the ram, and one unleavened cake out of the basket, and one unleavened wafer, and shall put them upon the hands of the Nazarite, after the hair of his separation is shaven:And the priest shall wave them for a wave offering before the LORD: this is holy for the priest, with the wave breast and heave shoulder: and after that the Nazarite may drink wine.This is the law of the Nazarite who hath vowed, and of his offering unto the LORD for his separation, beside that that his hand shall get: according to the vow which he vowed, so he must do after the law of his separation.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Speak unto Aaron and unto his sons, saying, On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel, saying unto them,The LORD bless thee, and keep thee:The LORD make his face shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee:The LORD lift up his countenance upon thee, and give thee peace.And they shall put my name upon the children of Israel; and I will bless them.And it came to pass on the day that Moses had fully set up the tabernacle, and had anointed it, and sanctified it, and all the instruments thereof, both the altar and all the vessels thereof, and had anointed them, and sanctified them;Noteand were: Heb. who stoodThat the princes of Israel, heads of the house of their fathers, who were the princes of the tribes, and were over them that were numbered, offered:And they brought their offering before the LORD, six covered wagons, and twelve oxen; a wagon for two of the princes, and for each one an ox: and they brought them before the tabernacle.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Take it of them, that they may be to do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; and thou shalt give them unto the Levites, to every man according to his service.And Moses took the wagons and the oxen, and gave them unto the Levites.Two wagons and four oxen he gave unto the sons of Gershon, according to their service:And four wagons and eight oxen he gave unto the sons of Merari, according unto their service, under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.But unto the sons of Kohath he gave none: because the service of the sanctuary belonging unto them was that they should bear upon their shoulders.And the princes offered for dedicating of the altar in the day that it was anointed, even the princes offered their offering before the altar.And the LORD said unto Moses, They shall offer their offering, each prince on his day, for the dedicating of the altar.And he that offered his offering the first day was Nahshon the son of Amminadab, of the tribe of Judah:And his offering was one silver charger, the weight thereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them were full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering:One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of incense:One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering:One kid of the goats for a sin offering:And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Nahshon the son of Amminadab.On the second day Nethaneel the son of Zuar, prince of Issachar, did offer:He offered for his offering one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering:One spoon of gold of ten shekels, full of incense:One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering:One kid of the goats for a sin offering:And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Nethaneel the son of Zuar.On the third day Eliab the son of Helon, prince of the children of Zebulun, did offer:His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering:One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense:One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering:One kid of the goats for a sin offering:And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Eliab the son of Helon.On the fourth day Elizur the son of Shedeur, prince of the children of Reuben, did offer:His offering was one silver charger of the weight of an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering:One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense:One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering:One kid of the goats for a sin offering:And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Elizur the son of Shedeur.On the fifth day Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai, prince of the children of Simeon, did offer:His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering:One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense:One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering:One kid of the goats for a sin offering:And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.On the sixth day Eliasaph the son of Deuel, prince of the children of Gad, offered:His offering was one silver charger of the weight of an hundred and thirty shekels, a silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering:One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense:One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering:One kid of the goats for a sin offering:And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Eliasaph the son of Deuel.On the seventh day Elishama the son of Ammihud, prince of the children of Ephraim, offered:His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering:One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense:One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering:One kid of the goats for a sin offering:And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Elishama the son of Ammihud.On the eighth day offered Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur, prince of the children of Manasseh:His offering was one silver charger of the weight of an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering:One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense:One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering:One kid of the goats for a sin offering:And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.On the ninth day Abidan the son of Gideoni, prince of the children of Benjamin, offered:His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering:One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense:One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering:One kid of the goats for a sin offering:And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Abidan the son of Gideoni.On the tenth day Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai, prince of the children of Dan, offered:His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering:One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense:One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering:One kid of the goats for a sin offering:And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.On the eleventh day Pagiel the son of Ocran, prince of the children of Asher, offered:His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering:One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense:One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering:One kid of the goats for a sin offering:And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Pagiel the son of Ocran.On the twelfth day Ahira the son of Enan, prince of the children of Naphtali, offered:Notewith him: that is, with GodHis offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering:One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense:One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering:One kid of the goats for a sin offering:And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Ahira the son of Enan.This was the dedication of the altar, in the day when it was anointed, by the princes of Israel: twelve chargers of silver, twelve silver bowls, twelve spoons of gold:Each charger of silver weighing an hundred and thirty shekels, each bowl seventy: all the silver vessels weighed two thousand and four hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary:The golden spoons were twelve, full of incense, weighing ten shekels apiece, after the shekel of the sanctuary: all the gold of the spoons was an hundred and twenty shekels.All the oxen for the burnt offering were twelve bullocks, the rams twelve, the lambs of the first year twelve, with their meat offering: and the kids of the goats for sin offering twelve.And all the oxen for the sacrifice of the peace offerings were twenty and four bullocks, the rams sixty, the he goats sixty, the lambs of the first year sixty. This was the dedication of the altar, after that it was anointed.And when Moses was gone into the tabernacle of the congregation to speak with him, then he heard the voice of one speaking unto him from off the mercy seat that was upon the ark of testimony, from between the two cherubims: and he spake unto him.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Speak unto Aaron, and say unto him, When thou lightest the lamps, the seven lamps shall give light over against the candlestick.And Aaron did so; he lighted the lamps thereof over against the candlestick, as the LORD commanded Moses.And this work of the candlestick was of beaten gold, unto the shaft thereof, unto the flowers thereof, was beaten work: according unto the pattern which the LORD had shewed Moses, so he made the candlestick.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Notelet them shave…: Heb. let them cause a razor to pass over, etcNoteoffer: Heb. waveNoteoffering: Heb. wave offeringNotethey…: Heb. they may be to execute, etcNotea gift: Heb. givenTake the Levites from among the children of Israel, and cleanse them.And thus shalt thou do unto them, to cleanse them: Sprinkle water of purifying upon them, and let them shave all their flesh, and let them wash their clothes, and so make themselves clean.Then let them take a young bullock with his meat offering, even fine flour mingled with oil, and another young bullock shalt thou take for a sin offering.And thou shalt bring the Levites before the tabernacle of the congregation: and thou shalt gather the whole assembly of the children of Israel together:And thou shalt bring the Levites before the LORD: and the children of Israel shall put their hands upon the Levites:And Aaron shall offer the Levites before the LORD for an offering of the children of Israel, that they may execute the service of the LORD.And the Levites shall lay their hands upon the heads of the bullocks: and thou shalt offer the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering, unto the LORD, to make an atonement for the Levites.And thou shalt set the Levites before Aaron, and before his sons, and offer them for an offering unto the LORD.Thus shalt thou separate the Levites from among the children of Israel: and the Levites shall be mine.And after that shall the Levites go in to do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation: and thou shalt cleanse them, and offer them for an offering.For they are wholly given unto me from among the children of Israel; instead of such as open every womb, even instead of the firstborn of all the children of Israel, have I taken them unto me.For all the firstborn of the children of Israel are mine, both man and beast: on the day that I smote every firstborn in the land of Egypt I sanctified them for myself.And I have taken the Levites for all the firstborn of the children of Israel.And I have given the Levites as a gift to Aaron and to his sons from among the children of Israel, to do the service of the children of Israel in the tabernacle of the congregation, and to make an atonement for the children of Israel: that there be no plague among the children of Israel, when the children of Israel come nigh unto the sanctuary.And Moses, and Aaron, and all the congregation of the children of Israel, did to the Levites according unto all that the LORD commanded Moses concerning the Levites, so did the children of Israel unto them.And the Levites were purified, and they washed their clothes; and Aaron offered them as an offering before the LORD; and Aaron made an atonement for them to cleanse them.And after that went the Levites in to do their service in the tabernacle of the congregation before Aaron, and before his sons: as the LORD had commanded Moses concerning the Levites, so did they unto them.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Noteto…: Heb. to war the warfare of, etcNotecease…: Heb. return from the warfare of the serviceThis is it that belongeth unto the Levites: from twenty and five years old and upward they shall go in to wait upon the service of the tabernacle of the congregation:And from the age of fifty years they shall cease waiting upon the service thereof, and shall serve no more:But shall minister with their brethren in the tabernacle of the congregation, to keep the charge, and shall do no service. Thus shalt thou do unto the Levites touching their charge.And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying,Noteat even: Heb. between the two eveningsLet the children of Israel also keep the passover at his appointed season.In the fourteenth day of this month, at even, ye shall keep it in his appointed season: according to all the rites of it, and according to all the ceremonies thereof, shall ye keep it.And Moses spake unto the children of Israel, that they should keep the passover.And they kept the passover on the fourteenth day of the first month at even in the wilderness of Sinai: according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so did the children of Israel.And there were certain men, who were defiled by the dead body of a man, that they could not keep the passover on that day: and they came before Moses and before Aaron on that day:And those men said unto him, We are defiled by the dead body of a man: wherefore are we kept back, that we may not offer an offering of the LORD in his appointed season among the children of Israel?And Moses said unto them, Stand still, and I will hear what the LORD will command concerning you.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If any man of you or of your posterity shall be unclean by reason of a dead body, or be in a journey afar off, yet he shall keep the passover unto the LORD.The fourteenth day of the second month at even they shall keep it, and eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.They shall leave none of it unto the morning, nor break any bone of it: according to all the ordinances of the passover they shall keep it.But the man that is clean, and is not in a journey, and forbeareth to keep the passover, even the same soul shall be cut off from among his people: because he brought not the offering of the LORD in his appointed season, that man shall bear his sin.And if a stranger shall sojourn among you, and will keep the passover unto the LORD; according to the ordinance of the passover, and according to the manner thereof, so shall he do: ye shall have one ordinance, both for the stranger, and for him that was born in the land.And on the day that the tabernacle was reared up the cloud covered the tabernacle, namely, the tent of the testimony: and at even there was upon the tabernacle as it were the appearance of fire, until the morning.Notetarried…: Heb. prolongedNoteabode: Heb. wasSo it was alway: the cloud covered it by day, and the appearance of fire by night.And when the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle, then after that the children of Israel journeyed: and in the place where the cloud abode, there the children of Israel pitched their tents.At the commandment of the LORD the children of Israel journeyed, and at the commandment of the LORD they pitched: as long as the cloud abode upon the tabernacle they rested in their tents.And when the cloud tarried long upon the tabernacle many days, then the children of Israel kept the charge of the LORD, and journeyed not.And so it was, when the cloud was a few days upon the tabernacle; according to the commandment of the LORD they abode in their tents, and according to the commandment of the LORD they journeyed.And so it was, when the cloud abode from even unto the morning, and that the cloud was taken up in the morning, then they journeyed: whether it was by day or by night that the cloud was taken up, they journeyed.Or whether it were two days, or a month, or a year, that the cloud tarried upon the tabernacle, remaining thereon, the children of Israel abode in their tents, and journeyed not: but when it was taken up, they journeyed.At the commandment of the LORD they rested in the tents, and at the commandment of the LORD they journeyed: they kept the charge of the LORD, at the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,Make thee two trumpets of silver; of a whole piece shalt thou make them: that thou mayest use them for the calling of the assembly, and for the journeying of the camps.And when they shall blow with them, all the assembly shall assemble themselves to thee at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.And if they blow but with one trumpet, then the princes, which are heads of the thousands of Israel, shall gather themselves unto thee.When ye blow an alarm, then the camps that lie on the east parts shall go forward.When ye blow an alarm the second time, then the camps that lie on the south side shall take their journey: they shall blow an alarm for their journeys.But when the congregation is to be gathered together, ye shall blow, but ye shall not sound an alarm.And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall blow with the trumpets; and they shall be to you for an ordinance for ever throughout your generations.And if ye go to war in your land against the enemy that oppresseth you, then ye shall blow an alarm with the trumpets; and ye shall be remembered before the LORD your God, and ye shall be saved from your enemies.Also in the day of your gladness, and in your solemn days, and in the beginnings of your months, ye shall blow with the trumpets over your burnt offerings, and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings; that they may be to you for a memorial before your God: I am the LORD your God.And it came to pass on the twentieth day of the second month, in the second year, that the cloud was taken up from off the tabernacle of the testimony.And the children of Israel took their journeys out of the wilderness of Sinai; and the cloud rested in the wilderness of Paran.And they first took their journey according to the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses.In the first place went the standard of the camp of the children of Judah according to their armies: and over his host was Nahshon the son of Amminadab.And over the host of the tribe of the children of Issachar was Nethaneel the son of Zuar.And over the host of the tribe of the children of Zebulun was Eliab the son of Helon.And the tabernacle was taken down; and the sons of Gershon and the sons of Merari set forward, bearing the tabernacle.And the standard of the camp of Reuben set forward according to their armies: and over his host was Elizur the son of Shedeur.Notethe other: that is, the Gershonites and the MeraritesAnd over the host of the tribe of the children of Simeon was Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.And over the host of the tribe of the children of Gad was Eliasaph the son of Deuel.And the Kohathites set forward, bearing the sanctuary: and the other did set up the tabernacle against they came.And the standard of the camp of the children of Ephraim set forward according to their armies: and over his host was Elishama the son of Ammihud.And over the host of the tribe of the children of Manasseh was Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.And over the host of the tribe of the children of Benjamin was Abidan the son of Gideoni.And the standard of the camp of the children of Dan set forward, which was the rereward of all the camps throughout their hosts: and over his host was Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.NoteThus: Heb. TheseAnd over the host of the tribe of the children of Asher was Pagiel the son of Ocran.And over the host of the tribe of the children of Naphtali was Ahira the son of Enan.Thus were the journeyings of the children of Israel according to their armies, when they set forward.And Moses said unto Hobab, the son of Raguel the Midianite, Moses’ father in law, We are journeying unto the place of which the LORD said, I will give it you: come thou with us, and we will do thee good: for the LORD hath spoken good concerning Israel.And he said unto him, I will not go; but I will depart to mine own land, and to my kindred.And he said, Leave us not, I pray thee; forasmuch as thou knowest how we are to encamp in the wilderness, and thou mayest be to us instead of eyes.And it shall be, if thou go with us, yea, it shall be, that what goodness the LORD shall do unto us, the same will we do unto thee.And they departed from the mount of the LORD three days’ journey: and the ark of the covenant of the LORD went before them in the three days’ journey, to search out a resting place for them.Notemany thousands: Heb. ten thousand thousandsAnd the cloud of the LORD was upon them by day, when they went out of the camp.And it came to pass, when the ark set forward, that Moses said, Rise up, LORD, and let thine enemies be scattered; and let them that hate thee flee before thee.And when it rested, he said, Return, O LORD, unto the many thousands of Israel.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
INF045
The Tanakh
The Tanakh is the canon of the sacred Scriptures of Judaism, corresponding to the Christian Old Testament. Its name is an acronym formed from its three sections: Torah (Pentateuch), Nevi'im (Prophets) and Ketuvim (Writings). Written mainly in Hebrew with a few passages in Aramaic, it forms the theological, moral and liturgical foundation of Judaism and the common roots of the Jewish and Christian traditions.
Genesis 1.1 (King James Version) :In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org -
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The Masoretes
The Masoretes were Jewish scholars active from the 1st century BC to the 10th century, charged with preserving the Hebrew biblical text. They developed the Masorah, a system of diacritical marks to fix the vocalization and pronunciation of the Scriptures. Their work resulted in the Masoretic Text, a fundamental reference for modern Bible translations and textual criticism.
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INF058
Tiberian Vocalization
Tiberian vocalization is a system of notation developed between the 7th and 10th centuries by Jewish scholars of Tiberias to add vowels (Nikkud) and cantillation marks (Te'amim) to the Hebrew consonants. This Masoretic system, the most complete of those that exist, standardized the reading of the Scriptures and is found in the Masoretic text, notably in the Aleppo Codex and the Leningrad Codex.
Additional Information
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CHA005
The prophet Daniel
The article explores Daniel's life and prophetic writings in depth, revealing chronological periods vital to understanding the prophecies. Josiah, king of Judah, is described as a devoted servant of God who dies tragically while defying Egypt. Daniel, then a young man, begins his prophetic destiny in this turbulent setting.
Isaiah 39.5-7 (King James Version) :Then said Isaiah to Hezekiah, Hear the word of the LORD of hosts:Behold, the days come, that all that is in thine house, and that which thy fathers have laid up in store until this day, shall be carried to Babylon: nothing shall be left, saith the LORD.And of thy sons that shall issue from thee, which thou shalt beget, shall they take away; and they shall be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon.King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
Further reading
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ANN006
The exact date of the decree
The article analyzes the decree of Artaxerxes concerning Jerusalem, organizing the biblical calendar around the seventy prophetic weeks of Daniel, crucial for dating the life of Jesus,…
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ANN042
Travel times
This appendix examines means of travel and journey times in the first century. In Jesus' time, people travelled mainly on foot, in caravans or…