PER003

Announcement of the birth of John the Baptist

This article describes the announcement of John the Baptist's birth, recounted exclusively in the Gospel of Luke, highlighting the attention to historical detail and John's prophetic significance as the forerunner of Jesus.

2 min Luke John the Baptist Zechariah Temple of Jerusalem predecessor of Jesus 1 verse 1 book

Resources

Biblical texts

Matthew
Matthew (King James Version) not cited in the book
Mark
Mark (King James Version) not cited in the book
Luke
Luke 1.5-25 (King James Version)

There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judæa, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth.

And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.

And they had no child, because that Elisabeth was barren, and they both were now well stricken in years.

And it came to pass, that while he executed the priest’s office before God in the order of his course,

According to the custom of the priest’s office, his lot was to burn incense when he went into the temple of the Lord.

And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the time of incense.

And there appeared unto him an angel of the Lord standing on the right side of the altar of incense.

And when Zacharias saw him, he was troubled, and fear fell upon him.

But the angel said unto him, Fear not, Zacharias: for thy prayer is heard; and thy wife Elisabeth shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name John.

And thou shalt have joy and gladness; and many shall rejoice at his birth.

For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother’s womb.

And many of the children of Israel shall he turn to the Lord their God.

And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.

And Zacharias said unto the angel, Whereby shall I know this? for I am an old man, and my wife well stricken in years.

And the angel answering said unto him, I am Gabriel, that stand in the presence of God; and am sent to speak unto thee, and to shew thee these glad tidings.

And, behold, thou shalt be dumb, and not able to speak, until the day that these things shall be performed, because thou believest not my words, which shall be fulfilled in their season.

And the people waited for Zacharias, and marvelled that he tarried so long in the temple.

And when he came out, he could not speak unto them: and they perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple: for he beckoned unto them, and remained speechless.

And it came to pass, that, as soon as the days of his ministration were accomplished, he departed to his own house.

And after those days his wife Elisabeth conceived, and hid herself five months, saying,

Thus hath the Lord dealt with me in the days wherein he looked on me, to take away my reproach among men.

John
John (King James Version) not cited in the book

Technical details

Location: The Temple of Jerusalem in Judea

Date: Early July -3 BC; Zechariah completes his service on 5 July -3 BC

Method: We now follow Luke

Note on the method: Luke alone tells this episode

Announcement of the birth of John the Baptist

Zechariah was serving in the Temple

The announcement to Zechariah

Announcement of John's birth

Comments

This narrative, unique to Luke, testifies to the thoroughness of his research. Unlike Mark, for example, he does not merely list the facts; he also mentions related events that illuminate the context and takes care to place his account within world history.

We should not expect to find anachronisms in Luke's writings; on the contrary, he pays scrupulous attention to every detail of his account, which his first readers regarded as authentic.

We will examine this surprising note about Zechariah of the division of Abijah in the appendix ANN004 – The date of birth of Jesus the Messiah. Recording such a detail about Zechariah may seem surprising, but it turns out to help pinpoint the period of Jesus the Messiah's birth.

Luke grasped the importance of John the Baptist, the forerunner foretold by the prophets, in Jesus' life. He therefore traces John's story, beginning with the wonder of his birth.