In the time of Jesus, leprosy was a terribly feared and highly stigmatized disease. People afflicted with this disease were often rejected by society and forced to live apart. Leprosy covered various skin conditions, and anyone declared leprous by a priest had to comply with strict rules to avoid contaminating others.
In the Old Testament, notably in the Book of Leviticus (chapters 13 and 14), detailed instructions are given concerning the examination of lepers and the rites of purification. The priests played a central role in this process. Here are some key verses from Leviticus:
Leviticus 13.2-3: "When a man has on the skin of his body a swelling, an eruption or a white spot, and it becomes a leprous sore on the skin of his body, he shall be brought to Aaron the priest or to one of his sons the priests. The priest shall examine the sore on the skin of his body. If the hair in the sore has turned white and the sore appears deeper than the skin of his body, it is a leprous sore. The priest who has examined him shall pronounce him unclean."
Leviticus 14.2-4: "This shall be the law of the leper on the day of his cleansing. He shall be brought to the priest. The priest shall go out of the camp, and he shall examine the leper. If the leprous sore is healed in the leper, the priest shall command that two live, clean birds be taken for the one who is to be cleansed, with cedar wood, scarlet and hyssop."
The priests had not only to diagnose leprosy, but also to oversee the process of purification for those who were healed. After Jesus healed lepers, he often asked them to go and show themselves to the priests and to offer the sacrifices prescribed by the law of Moses. For example, in the Gospel of Luke 17.12-14, Jesus heals ten lepers and tells them: "Go and show yourselves to the priests." This shows Jesus' respect for the Jewish law and for the role of the priests in the society of the time.
The healing of lepers by the Messiah Jesus was not only an act of compassion, but also a sign of his divinity and of his mission of reconciliation and healing.