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The Elohist source

The Elohist source (E) is one of the four hypothetical sources of the Torah according to the documentary hypothesis. It is distinguished by its use of the term Elohim for God, a transcendent theology, and the use of dreams and visions as modes of divine revelation. Dated to the 9th-8th century BCE, it is thought to have originated in the northern kingdom of Israel. Its validity remains debated among contemporary scholars.

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The Elohist source

The Elohist source (or Elohist), often abbreviated as E, is a hypothetical source of the according to the documentary hypothesis. Here are some key points about it:

Origin and Definition

Documentary hypothesis: This hypothesis, developed in the 19th century, proposes that the is made up of several distinct sources: Jahwist (J), Elohist (E), Deuteronomist (D) and Priestly (P).

Divine name: The Elohist source is so named because it frequently uses the divine name Elohim for God, rather than .

Characteristics

Style and theology: The Elohist source is characterized by a more transcendent view of God, avoiding anthropomorphisms. It often emphasizes prophecy and divine revelation through dreams and visions.
Attributed passages: Certain accounts, such as the call of Abraham (Genesis 20), Jacob's dream at Bethel (Genesis 28.10-22), and parts of the story of Joseph are attributed to this source.

Dating and validity

Dating: Scholars estimate that the Elohist source was written during the time of the northern kingdom of Israel, between the 9th and 8th centuries BCE.
Validity: Like the , the validity of the Elohist source and of the documentary hypothesis in general is debated among contemporary scholars, some of whom prefer other models to explain the composition of the .

In summary, the Elohist source is a theoretical component of the critical study of biblical texts, offering a particular perspective on the relationship between God and human beings.